Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting
archaeological finds from illegal export and trade

J 2025

Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting archaeological finds from illegal export and trade

ANTAL, Róbert a Michael LEWIS

Základní údaje

Originální název

Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting archaeological finds from illegal export and trade

Název česky

Právne definície ako základný kameň ochrany archeologických nálezov pred nelegálnym vývozom a obchodom

Autoři

ANTAL, Róbert a Michael LEWIS

Vydání

Public Archaeology, Taylor & Francis, 2025, 1465-5187

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

50501 Law

Stát vydavatele

Velká Británie a Severní Irsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

Open access článku

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 0.900 v roce 2024

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Organizační jednotka

Právnická fakulta

Klíčová slova česky

Archeologické nálezy; kulturní dědictví; ochrana kulturního dědictví; právní definice; poklad

Klíčová slova anglicky

Archaeological finds; cultural property; heritage protection; legal definitions; treasure

Štítky

archeologický nález, archeologie, nelegálny obchod, Právo, rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 4. 4. 2025 13:32, Mgr. Petra Georgala

Anotace

V originále

European countries define ‘archaeological finds’ in various ways: even individual archaeologists might distinguish between different types of finds and their value. A particular issue is the legal terminology used — archaeological finds might be defined as ‘antiquities’, ‘cultural property’, or ‘treasure’, each term creating different protection. Especially in law, it is necessary to be clear about what is being protected and why, as differences and inconsistencies can be exploited by those who loot and trade in antiquities. This is particularly evident with archaeological finds since these were often transported great distances at the time they were made, and therefore it is difficult to prove their provenance. This paper will explore the differences between definitions used by archaeologists and law-makers in terms of ‘archaeological finds’. Case studies in example countries will demonstrate how similar objects might vary in their legal protection from one jurisdiction to another. It will then show how legal differences can be exploited by the illegal trade. Finally, it will be considered how Europeans might frustrate this trade, from a theoretical to a practical level, albeit noting the obstacles to converging legislative frameworks to protect the exploitation of archaeological finds for personal gain.

Návaznosti

MUNI/A/1450/2022, interní kód MU

Název: Nástroje ochrany archeologického dedičstva 4

Investor: Masarykova univerzita, Nástroje ochrany archeologického dedičstva 4

Citovat

ANTAL, Róbert a Michael LEWIS. Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting archaeological finds from illegal export and trade. Public Archaeology. Taylor & Francis, 2025, roč. 2024, č. 23, s. 1-20. ISSN 1465-5187. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2024.2425575.

@article{2474920,
   author = {Antal, Róbert and Lewis, Michael},
   article_number = {23},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2024.2425575},
   keywords = {Archaeological finds; cultural property; heritage protection; legal definitions; treasure},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1465-5187},
   journal = {Public Archaeology},
   title = {Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting archaeological finds from illegal export and trade},
   url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14655187.2024.2425575},
   volume = {2024},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2474920
AU  - Antal, Róbert - Lewis, Michael
PY  - 2025
TI  - Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting archaeological finds from illegal export and trade
JF  - Public Archaeology
VL  - 2024
IS  - 23
SP  - 1-20
EP  - 1-20
PB  - Taylor & Francis
SN  - 14655187
KW  - Archaeological finds
KW  - cultural property
KW  - heritage protection
KW  - legal definitions
KW  - treasure
UR  - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14655187.2024.2425575
N2  - European countries define ‘archaeological finds’ in various ways: even individual archaeologists might distinguish between different types of finds and their value. A particular issue is the legal terminology used — archaeological finds might be defined as ‘antiquities’, ‘cultural property’, or ‘treasure’, each term creating different protection. Especially in law, it is necessary to be clear about what is being protected and why, as differences and inconsistencies can be exploited by those who loot and trade in antiquities. This is particularly evident with archaeological finds since these were often transported great distances at the time they were made, and therefore it is difficult to prove their provenance. This paper will explore the differences between definitions used by archaeologists and law-makers in terms of ‘archaeological finds’. Case studies in example countries will demonstrate how similar objects might vary in their legal protection from one jurisdiction to another. It will then show how legal differences can be exploited by the illegal trade. Finally, it will be considered how Europeans might frustrate this trade, from a theoretical to a practical level, albeit noting the obstacles to converging legislative frameworks to protect the exploitation of archaeological finds for personal gain.
ER  -

ANTAL, Róbert a Michael LEWIS. Legal definitions as a cornerstone for protecting archaeological finds from illegal export and trade. \textit{Public Archaeology}. Taylor \&{} Francis, 2025, roč.~2024, č.~23, s.~1-20. ISSN~1465-5187. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1080/14655187.2024.2425575.

Přehled o publikaci