Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the
association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A
statistical parametric mapping approach

J 2025

Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A statistical parametric mapping approach

MARIAAN, van Aswegen; Stanisław Henryk CZYŻ; Sarah J. MOSS a Mark KRAMER

Základní údaje

Originální název

Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A statistical parametric mapping approach

Autoři

MARIAAN, van Aswegen; Stanisław Henryk CZYŻ; Sarah J. MOSS a Mark KRAMER

Vydání

GAIT & POSTURE, CLARE, ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2025, 0966-6362

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

30306 Sport and fitness sciences

Stát vydavatele

Irsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 2.400 v roce 2024

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14510/25:00141889

Organizační jednotka

Fakulta sportovních studií

Klíčová slova anglicky

Back-carrying; Joint kinematics; Temporospatial; Lower-limb development

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 10. 3. 2026 11:28, Mgr. Pavlína Roučová, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Background: Lower-limb kinematic and temporospatial differences between back-carried (BC) and non-backcarried (NBC) children are expected based on previous static lower-limb relationships reported in BC children. Back-carrying of children is common among South Africans and becoming popular among Westerners. Establishing the potential effects of back-carrying on lower-limb development and gait is therefore important. Research question: Does BC influence the tri-planar instantaneous lower-limb kinematics and temporospatial parameters of the full gait cycle in children, and is there an association between static tibial torsion and the lower-limb gait kinematics? Methods: Twelve NBC (age = 8.00 +/- 0.95 years) and 12 BC (age = 8.08 +/- 0.79 years) children were selected. Triplanar kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle were captured during gait using an eight-camera motion analysis system and Visual3D software to extract the kinematic data. All static tibial torsion were measured goniometrically. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare joint kinematics during the gait cycle and the association of tibial torsion throughout the gait cycle. Results: SPM revealed significant differences between BC and NBC participants in hip kinematics (mean difference = 2.49 degrees, p = 0.016) at 52-66 % of the gait cycle and knee joint kinematics (mean difference = 3.00 degrees, p = 0.026) at 34-41 % of the gait cycle. Temporospatial differences were non-significant for speed, stride length, stance time, and stride width (p = 0.80, gHedges = 0.10). Significant correlations were evident between static tibial torsion and joint kinematics for the knee (r = -0.44 to -0.69, p = 0.041) for BC children and for the ankle (r = 0.74-0.75, p = 0.025) in NBC children. Larger internal tibial torsion is associated with more in-toeing and internal knee rotation during the swing phase in back-carried children. Significance: A discrete comparison of kinematics in BC versus NBC children did not yield significant differences, while differences were observed using the SPM. The observed differences are likely of limited clinical importance, implying that caregivers can continue to BC their children.

Citovat

MARIAAN, van Aswegen; Stanisław Henryk CZYŻ; Sarah J. MOSS a Mark KRAMER. Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A statistical parametric mapping approach. GAIT & POSTURE. CLARE: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2025, roč. 121, č. 2025, s. 115-122. ISSN 0966-6362. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.001.

@article{2514923,
   author = {Mariaan, van Aswegen and Czyż, Stanisław Henryk and Moss, Sarah J. and Kramer, Mark},
   article_location = {CLARE},
   article_number = {2025},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.001},
   keywords = {Back-carrying; Joint kinematics; Temporospatial; Lower-limb development},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0966-6362},
   journal = {GAIT & POSTURE},
   title = {Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A statistical parametric mapping approach},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0966636225002085},
   volume = {121},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2514923
AU  - Mariaan, van Aswegen - Czyż, Stanisław Henryk - Moss, Sarah J. - Kramer, Mark
PY  - 2025
TI  - Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A statistical parametric mapping approach
JF  - GAIT & POSTURE
VL  - 121
IS  - 2025
SP  - 115-122
EP  - 115-122
PB  - ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
SN  - 09666362
KW  - Back-carrying
KW  - Joint kinematics
KW  - Temporospatial
KW  - Lower-limb development
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0966636225002085
N2  - Background: Lower-limb kinematic and temporospatial differences between back-carried (BC) and non-backcarried (NBC) children are expected based on previous static lower-limb relationships reported in BC children. Back-carrying of children is common among South Africans and becoming popular among Westerners. Establishing the potential effects of back-carrying on lower-limb development and gait is therefore important. Research question: Does BC influence the tri-planar instantaneous lower-limb kinematics and temporospatial parameters of the full gait cycle in children, and is there an association between static tibial torsion and the lower-limb gait kinematics? Methods: Twelve NBC (age = 8.00 +/- 0.95 years) and 12 BC (age = 8.08 +/- 0.79 years) children were selected. Triplanar kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle were captured during gait using an eight-camera motion analysis system and Visual3D software to extract the kinematic data. All static tibial torsion were measured goniometrically. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare joint kinematics during the gait cycle and the association of tibial torsion throughout the gait cycle. Results: SPM revealed significant differences between BC and NBC participants in hip kinematics (mean difference = 2.49 degrees, p = 0.016) at 52-66 % of the gait cycle and knee joint kinematics (mean difference = 3.00 degrees, p = 0.026) at 34-41 % of the gait cycle. Temporospatial differences were non-significant for speed, stride length, stance time, and stride width (p = 0.80, gHedges = 0.10). Significant correlations were evident between static tibial torsion and joint kinematics for the knee (r = -0.44 to -0.69, p = 0.041) for BC children and for the ankle (r = 0.74-0.75, p = 0.025) in NBC children. Larger internal tibial torsion is associated with more in-toeing and internal knee rotation during the swing phase in back-carried children. Significance: A discrete comparison of kinematics in BC versus NBC children did not yield significant differences, while differences were observed using the SPM. The observed differences are likely of limited clinical importance, implying that caregivers can continue to BC their children.
ER  -

MARIAAN, van Aswegen; Stanisław Henryk CZY$\backslash$.Z; Sarah J. MOSS a Mark KRAMER. Comparison of tri-planar lower-limb kinematics and the association with tibial torsion in back-carried children. A statistical parametric mapping approach. \textit{GAIT \&{} POSTURE}. CLARE: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2025, roč.~121, č.~2025, s.~115-122. ISSN~0966-6362. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.001.

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