Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of
diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or
antagonistic interaction?

J 2025

Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or antagonistic interaction?

ZEZULKA, Štěpán; Marie KUMMEROVÁ; Michal ORAVEC a Petr BABULA

Základní údaje

Originální název

Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or antagonistic interaction?

Autoři

ZEZULKA, Štěpán; Marie KUMMEROVÁ; Michal ORAVEC a Petr BABULA

Vydání

Environmental Pollution, London, Elsevier Science, 2025, 0269-7491

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10511 Environmental sciences

Stát vydavatele

Velká Británie a Severní Irsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 7.300 v roce 2024

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Klíčová slova anglicky

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Lemna minor; Growth; Photosynthesis; Oxidative stress

Štítky

14110515, 14314010, rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 30. 1. 2026 10:48, Mgr. Marie Novosadová Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Mixtures of emerging aquatic contaminants, like diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) commonly occurring in the environment, can exhibit combination effects. Accumulation of drugs in duckweed plants exposed for seven days to DCF + PCT mixtures was similar to that under individual drugs (both 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/L). But the nature of drug interaction in mixtures was ambiguous, even though the toxic impact of DCF was more substantial than that of PCT. Mixtures with a DCF-to-PCT ratio of 1:1 exhibited a synergistic interaction manifested by a decrease (up to 90 %) in plant number, especially in mixtures DCF 2 + PCT 2 and DCF 20 + PCT 20 mg/L. In mixtures with unequal ratios (1:10 or 1:100 with a predominance of DCF or PCT), their interaction attenuated with time to additive or even antagonistic. This finding (shift from synergistic to additive interaction) was supported even by changes in the plants' dry weight, leaf area, or photosynthetic pigment content. Similarly, a negligible decrease in photosynthetic performance in plants exposed to the mixtures with unequal ratios supported the mitigation of the drug mixture effect. Both individual drugs and their mixtures of 2 and 20 mg/L elevated the production of reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant defence mechanism activity was elevated already by low drug doses (0.2 and 2 mg/L), and the highest contamination (20 mg/L) led to its decrease. Utilizing the "number of plants" parameter showed that the nature of drug interaction in the mixture is fluctuating, and the causal factors include the ratio of mixture component concentrations and the length of the exposure period.

Citovat

ZEZULKA, Štěpán; Marie KUMMEROVÁ; Michal ORAVEC a Petr BABULA. Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or antagonistic interaction? Environmental Pollution. London: Elsevier Science, 2025, roč. 387, December 2025, s. 1-13. ISSN 0269-7491. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127295.

@article{2537913,
   author = {Zezulka, Štěpán and Kummerová, Marie and Oravec, Michal and Babula, Petr},
   article_location = {London},
   article_number = {December 2025},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127295},
   keywords = {Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Lemna minor; Growth; Photosynthesis; Oxidative stress},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0269-7491},
   journal = {Environmental Pollution},
   title = {Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or antagonistic interaction?},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749125016690},
   volume = {387},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2537913
AU  - Zezulka, Štěpán - Kummerová, Marie - Oravec, Michal - Babula, Petr
PY  - 2025
TI  - Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or antagonistic interaction?
JF  - Environmental Pollution
VL  - 387
IS  - December 2025
SP  - 1-13
EP  - 1-13
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 02697491
KW  - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
KW  - Lemna minor
KW  - Growth
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Oxidative stress
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749125016690
N2  - Mixtures of emerging aquatic contaminants, like diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT) commonly occurring in the environment, can exhibit combination effects. Accumulation of drugs in duckweed plants exposed for seven days to DCF + PCT mixtures was similar to that under individual drugs (both 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/L). But the nature of drug interaction in mixtures was ambiguous, even though the toxic impact of DCF was more substantial than that of PCT. Mixtures with a DCF-to-PCT ratio of 1:1 exhibited a synergistic interaction manifested by a decrease (up to 90 %) in plant number, especially in mixtures DCF 2 + PCT 2 and DCF 20 + PCT 20 mg/L. In mixtures with unequal ratios (1:10 or 1:100 with a predominance of DCF or PCT), their interaction attenuated with time to additive or even antagonistic. This finding (shift from synergistic to additive interaction) was supported even by changes in the plants' dry weight, leaf area, or photosynthetic pigment content. Similarly, a negligible decrease in photosynthetic performance in plants exposed to the mixtures with unequal ratios supported the mitigation of the drug mixture effect. Both individual drugs and their mixtures of 2 and 20 mg/L elevated the production of reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant defence mechanism activity was elevated already by low drug doses (0.2 and 2 mg/L), and the highest contamination (20 mg/L) led to its decrease. Utilizing the "number of plants" parameter showed that the nature of drug interaction in the mixture is fluctuating, and the causal factors include the ratio of mixture component concentrations and the length of the exposure period.
ER  -

ZEZULKA, Štěpán; Marie KUMMEROVÁ; Michal ORAVEC a Petr BABULA. Investigating the phytotoxic effects of binary mixtures of diclofenac and paracetamol on duckweed - synergistic or antagonistic interaction? \textit{Environmental Pollution}. London: Elsevier Science, 2025, roč.~387, December 2025, s.~1-13. ISSN~0269-7491. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127295.

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