Background/Aims This study aims to evaluate the global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Methods Data were extracted from the GBD 2021, covering 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. AEMT was defined using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, encompassing complications from medical procedures, treatments, or healthcare exposures. Estimates were categorized into fatal and non-fatal outcomes and stratified by age, sex, year, and covariates, including the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Mortality-incidence ratios (MIRs), defined as the ratio of mortality calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total incident cases, were analyzed. Results In 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of AEMT were 11.48 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 8.86–14.13), 150.44 (131.19–171.81), 64.19 (51.06–73.11), and 1.53 (1.29–1.68) per 100,000 population, respectively. DALY rates were highest in the early neonatal group (4,789.47 per 100,000 population [95% UI, 3,682.00–5,963.30]), while mortality rates followed a U-shaped pattern across age groups. In 2021, MIRs were highest at both ends of the age range: the early neonatal group (0.58 [95% UI, 0.55–0.58]) and the 95+ age group (0.05 [0.04–0.06]). This pattern was consistent across all SDI quintiles, with higher MIRs observed in lower SDI quintiles. Conclusions The significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of AEMT among the older population in high SDI quintiles, compared to lower SDI quintiles, could be attributed to the healthcare overutilization, highlighting the need for policy adjustments.
JEONG, Yi Deun; Seoyoung PARK; Wonwoo JANG; Min Seo KIM; A. BHOOMADEVI; Mohammad Amin AALIPOUR; Mohammed Altigani ABDALLA; Meriem ABDOUN; Auwal ABDULLAHI; Toufik ABDUL-RAHMAN; Armita ABEDI; Richard Gyan ABOAGYE; Mohamed ABOUZID; Dariush ABTAHI; Bilyaminu ABUBAKAR; Eman ABU-GHARBIEH; Ahmad Y ABUHELWA; Salahdein ABURUZ; Dina ABUSHANAB; Lisa C ADAMS; Kamoru Ademola ADEDOKUN; Nurudeen A ADEGOKE; Olumide Thomas ADELEKE; Juliana Bunmi ADETUNJI; Temitayo Esther ADEYEOLUWA; Mohd ADNAN; Prince Owusu ADOMA; David ADZRAGO; Habeeb Abiodun AFOLABI; Vlad-Adrian AFRASANIE; Fatemeh AFRASHTEH; Saira AFZAL; Williams AGYEMANG-DUAH; Mahsa AHADI; Bright Opoku AHINKORAH; Aqeel AHMAD; Danish AHMAD; Muayyad M AHMAD; Sajjad AHMAD; Negar Sadat AHMADI; Ali AHMED; Ayman AHMED; Muktar Beshir AHMED; Sindew Mahmud AHMED; Syed Anees AHMED; Yazan AL-AJLOUNI; Mostafa ALAM; Fahmi Y AL-ASHWAL; Wafa A ALDHALEEI; Shereen M ALEIDI; Ali M ALFALKI; Abdelazeem M ALGAMMAL; Fadwa Naji ALHALAIQA; Dari ALHUWAIL; Abid ALI; Bassam R ALI; Liaqat ALI; Mohammad Daud ALI; Mohammed Usman ALI; Rafat ALI; Syed Shujait ALI; Morteza ALIPOUR; Samah W AL-JABI; Mohamad ALJOFAN; Mustafa ALKHAWAM; Mohammed Z ALLOUH; Sabah AL-MARWANI; Joseph Uy ALMAZAN; Mohammad R ALQUDIMAT; Ahmad Rajeh AL-QUDIMAT; Intima ALRIMAWI; Mohammed A ALSABRI; Najim Z ALSHAHRANI; Awais ALTAF; Yaser Mohammed AL-WORAFI; Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim ALYAHYA; Amr AMIN; Alireza AMINDAROLZARBI; Jimoh AMZAT; Filippos ANAGNOSTAKIS; Catalina Liliana ANDREI; Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi ANJORIN; Iyadunni Adesola ANUOLUWA; Saeid ANVARI; Saleha ANWAR; Anayochukwu Edward ANYASODOR; Jalal ARABLOO; Mosab ARAFAT; de la Torre Jorge ARIAS; Ghazal ARJMAND; Jesu AROCKIARAJ; Anton A ARTAMONOV; Ashokan ARUMUGAM; Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin ASDAQ; Mitra ASHRAFI; Dereje Zewdu ASSEFA; Alok ATREYA; Julie Alaere ATTA; Martin Amogre AYANORE; Haleh AYATOLLAHI; Arian AZADNIA; Ali AZARGOONJAHROMI; Fahad Khan AZEEZ; Sadat Abdulla AZIZ; Ahmed Y AZZAM; Hediyeh BAGHSHEIKHI; Ovidiu Constantin BALTATU; Maciej BANACH; Hansi BANSAL; Simachew Animen BANTE; Mainak BARDHAN; Amadou BARROW; Zarrin BASHARAT; Mohammad-Mahdi BASTAN; Abdul-Monim BATIHA; Kavita BATRA; Mahdis BAYAT; Nebiyou Simegnew BAYLEYEGN; Narasimha M BEERAKA; Gokce Belge BILGIN; Abiye Assefa BERIHUN; Amiel Nazer C BERMUDEZ; Akshaya Srikanth BHAGAVATHULA; Neeraj BHALA; Nikha BHARDWAJ; Pankaj BHARDWAJ; Sonu BHASKAR; Priyadarshini BHATTACHARJEE; Rajbir BHATTI; Raluca BIEVEL-RADULESCU; Cem BILGIN; Bruno BIZZOZERO-PERONI; Paria BOLOURINEJAD; Sri Harsha BOPPANA; Alejandro Botero CARVAJAL; Norma B BULAMU; Felix BUSCH; Yasser BUSTANJI; Rose CAIRNS; Mehtap Cakmak BARSBAY; Luis Alberto CAMERA; Si CAO; Angelo CAPODICI; Andrea CARUGNO; Andre F CARVALHO; Marcia CARVALHO; Joao Mauricio CASTALDELLI-MAIA; Muthia CENDERADEWI; Pamela Roxana CHACON-USCAMAITA; Jeffrey Shi Kai CHAN; Vijay Kumar CHATTU; Lam Duc CHAU; Sirshendu CHAUDHURI; An-Tian CHEN; Haowei CHEN; Qingsong CHEN; Xing CHEN; Patrick R CHING; Daniel Youngwhan CHO; Bryan CHONG; Hitesh CHOPRA; Shivani CHOPRA; Sonali Gajanan CHOUDHARI; Dinh-Toi CHU; Isaac Sunday CHUKWU; Sunghyun CHUNG; Alyssa COLUMBUS; Joao CONDE; Omid DADRAS; Xiaochen DAI; Mayank DALAKOTI; Giovanni DAMIANI; Emanuele D'AMICO; Endalamaw Tesfa DAMTIE; Anh Kim DANG; Samuel Demissie DARCHO; Latefa Ali DARDAS; Paul I DARGAN; Emina DERVISEVIC; Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan DEVANBU; Pradeep Kumar DEVARAKONDA; Kuldeep DHAMA; Sameer DHINGRA; Jingkai DI; da Silva Diana DIAS; Shirin DJALALINIA; Huyen Phuc DO; Sushil DOHARE; Neda DOLATKHAH; Mario D'ORIA; Fariba DOROSTKAR; Ojas Prakashbhai DOSHI; Robert Kokou DOWOU; Viola Savy DSOUZA; Aster Dure DUMBULLO; Senbagam DURAISAMY; Sulagna DUTTA; Abdel Rahman E'MAR; Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud EBRAHEIM; Ashkan Eighaei SEDEH; Michael EKHOLUENETALE; Muhammed ELHADI; Mohamed Hassan ELNAEM; Chadi ELTAHA; Abdelgawad Salah ELTAHAWY; Amir Emami ZEYDI; Elochukwu EZENWANKWO; Heidar FADAVIAN; Adeniyi Francis FAGBAMIGBE; Ayesha FAHIM; Mohammad FAREED; Sara FARINA; Ali FATEHIZADEH; Alireza FEIZKHAH; Ginenus FEKADU; Ulrich Membe FEMOE; Rodrigo FERNANDEZ-JIMENEZ; Pietro FERRARA; Nuno FERREIRA; Florian FISCHER; Federica FOGACCI; Behzad FOROUTAN; Takeshi FUKUMOTO; Dominic Dormenyo GADEKA; Mario GAJDACS; Dingwei GAO; Xiang GAO; David GARCIA-AZORIN; Rupesh K GAUTAM; Miglas Welay GEBREGERGIS; Delaram J GHADIMI; Kazem GHAFFARI; Arin GHAMKHAR; Fariba GHASSEMI; Zainab GHOLAMI; Artyom Urievich GIL; Alem Abera GIRMAY; Mahaveer GOLECHHA; Pouya GOLEIJ; Mohsen GOLKAR; Melika GOLMOHAMMADI; Nelson G M GOMES; Ayman GRADA; Shi-Yang GUAN; Giovanni GUARDUCCI; Damitha Asanga GUNAWARDANE; Veer Bala GUPTA; Roberth Steven GUTIERREZ-MURILLO; Parishma GUTTOO; Najah R HADI; Pritam HALDER; Sajid HAMEED; Samer HAMIDI; Harrison J HANSFORD; Mohammad Jahid HASAN; Syed Shahzad HASAN; Md Saquib HASNAIN; Amr HASSAN; Muhammad HASSAN; Nageeb HASSAN; Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh TABATABAEI; Rasmus J HAVMOELLER; Khezar HAYAT; Khedidja HEDNA; Mohammad HEIDARI; Mojtaba HEYDARI; Yuta HIRAIKE; Alamgir HOSSAIN; Sorin HOSTIUC; Hanno HOVEN; Guoqing HU; Junjie HUANG; Xiaojie HUANG; Kiavash HUSHMANDI; Bing-Fang HWANG; Olayinka Stephen ILESANMI; Irena M ILIC; Milena D ILIC; Lalu Muhammad IRHAM; Abubakar Musa ISA; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ISLAM; Nahlah Elkudssiah ISMAIL; Haitham JAHRAMI; Anmol JAIN; Nityanand JAIN; Vikash JAISWAL; Ruchi JAKHMOLA-MANI; Mihajlo JAKOVLJEVIC; Armaan JAMAL; Jerin JAMES; Amirreza Javadi MAMAGHANI; Ruwan Duminda JAYASINGHE; Felix K JEBASINGH; Gwang Hun JEONG; Seogsong JEONG; Bijay Mukesh Mukesh JESWANI; Nitin JOSEPH; Charity Ehimwenma JOSHUA; Ashish Kumar KAKKAR; Ashwin KAMATH; Ramat T KAMORUDEEN; Saddam Fuad KANAAN; Samuel Berchi KANKAM; Kehinde Kazeem KANMODI; Rami S KANTAR; Sujita Kumar KAR; Samad KARKHAH; Mohmed Isaqali KAROBARI; Tomasz M M KARPINSKI; Joonas H KAUPPILA; Ariz KESHWANI; Himanshu KHAJURIA; Mohammad Ali KHAKSAR; Sumaira KHALID-ARITURK; Ajmal KHAN; Muhammad Mueed KHAN; Ramsha Mushtaq KHAN; Yusuf Saleem KHAN; Zahid KHAN; Sameer Uttamaro KHASBAGE; Haitham KHATATBEH; Moawiah Mohammad KHATATBEH; Jagdish KHUBCHANDANI; Adnan KISA; Ali-Asghar KOLAHI; Farzad KOMPANI; Oleksii KORZH; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane LAXMINARAYANA; Irene Akwo KRETCHY; Varun KRISHNA; Burcu Kucuk BICER; Mohammed KUDDUS; Mukhtar KULIMBET; Dian KUSUMA; Ville KYTO; Lucie LAFLAMME; Savita LASRADO; Duc Huy LE; Thao Thi Thu LE; Caterina LEDDA; Seung Won LEE; Wei-Chen LEE; Vasileios LEIVADITIS; Jing LI; Virendra S LIGADE; Liangquan LIN; Xiaofeng LIU; Xuefeng LIU; Erand LLANAJ; Platon D LOPUKHOV; Jailos LUBINDA; Giancarlo LUCCHETTI; Raimundas LUNEVICIUS; Peng LUO; Ellina LYTVYAK; Kevin Sheng-Kai MA; Seyed Ataollah MADINEZAD; Aurea Marilia MADUREIRA-CARVALHO; Sasikumar MAHALINGAM; Mehrdad MAHALLEH; Samatar Abshir MAHAMED; Nozad Hussein MAHMOOD; Farhad MAHMOUDI; Venkatesh MALED; Ahmad Azam MALIK; Kamaruddeen MANNETHODI; Shaista MANZOOR; Roy Rillera MARZO; Sammer MARZOUK; Yasith MATHANGASINGHE; Fernanda Penido MATOZINHOS; Khurshid A MATTOO; Steven M MCPHAIL; Rishi P MEDIRATTA; Vini MEHTA; Hadush Negash MELES; Ritesh G MENEZES; Alexios-Fotios A MENTIS; Atte MERETOJA; Tuomo J MERETOJA; Tomislav MESTROVIC; Chamila Dinushi Kukulege METTANANDA; Sachith METTANANDA; G K MINI; Chaitanya MITTAL; Natansh Deepak MODI; Yidnek MOGESSIE; Heba M MOHAMED; Hebatalla MOHAMED; Jama MOHAMED; Mona Gamal MOHAMED; Nouh Saad MOHAMED; Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed AHMED; Taj MOHAMMAD; Abdollah MOHAMMADIAN-HAFSHEJANI; Shafiu MOHAMMED; Syam MOHAN; Ali H MOKDAD; Amirabbas MOLLAEI; Mohammad Ali MONI; Francis Nanda Prakash MONTEIRO; Anthony Kwame MORGAN; Mahmoud M MORSY; Seyed Ahmad MOUSAVI; Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi KIASARY; Kimia Mozahheb YOUSEFI; Sumaira MUBARIK; Sumoni MUKHERJEE; Yanjinlkham MUNKHSAIKHAN; Ghulam MUSTAFA; Mubarak Taiwo MUSTAPHA; Sathish MUTHU; Muhammad MUZAFFAR; Ahamarshan Jayaraman NAGARAJAN; Amirhossein NAGHIBZADEH; Ganesh R NAIK; Hiten NAIK; Firzan NAINU; Gopal NAMBI; Shumaila NARGUS; Mahmoud NASSAR; Zuhair S NATTO; N A NAWSHERWAN; Biswa Prakash NAYAK; Athare NAZRI-PANJAKI; Abigia Ashenafi NEGASH; Ionut NEGOI; Henok Biresaw NETSERE; Cuong Tat NGUYEN; Long NGUYEN; Nhien Ngoc Y NGUYEN; Trang NGUYEN; Van Thanh NGUYEN; Ali NIKOO-BAR; Chisom Adaobi NRI-EZEDI; Ogochukwu Janet NZOPUTAM; Bogdan OANCEA; Ramez M ODAT; Oluwaseun Adeolu OGUNDIJO; Olusegun Olatunji OJEDOYIN; Hassan OKATI-ALIABAD; Sylvester Reuben OKEKE; Oluwaseyi Isaiah OLABISI; Andrew T OLAGUNJU; Abdulhakeem Abayomi OLORUKOOBA; Folorunsho Bright OMAGE; Marcel OPITZ; Atakan ORSCELIK; Augustus OSBORNE; Elham H OTHMAN; Amel OUYAHIA; Irene Amoakoh OWUSU; Kolapo OYEBOLA; Yeganeh PAKBAZ; Tamas PALICZ; Ioannis PANTAZOPOULOS; Giovanni PAOLINO; Shahina PARDHAN; Amrita PARIDA; Ava PASHAEI; Roberto PASSERA; Shiv PATEL; Shankargouda PATIL; Shrikant PAWAR; Shubhadarshini PAWAR; Hamidreza Pazoki TOROUDI; Mario F P PERES; Anil K PHILIP; Zahra Zahid PIRACHA; Edoardo PIRERA; Evgenii PLOTNIKOV; Roman V POLIBIN; Ville T PONKILAINEN; Sajjad POURASGHARY; Farzad POURGHAZI; Mohsen POURSADEQIYAN; Akram POURSHAMS; Nameer Hashim QASIM; Ibrahim QATTEA; Xiang QI; Zhipeng QI; Jia-Yong QIU; Venkatraman RADHAKRISHNAN; Maja R RADOJCIC; Pankaja RAGHAV; Fakher RAHIM; Vafa RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR; Fryad Majeed RAHMAN; Mohammad Hifz Ur RAHMAN; Mosiur RAHMAN; Muhammad Aziz RAHMAN; Adarsh RAJA; Mahmoud Mohammed RAMADAN; Shakthi Kumaran RAMASAMY; Sheena RAMAZANU; Nemanja RANCIC; Devarajan RATHISH; David Laith RAWAF; Salman RAWAF; Andre M N RENZAHO; Mina REZAEI; Nazila REZAEI; Mohsen REZAEIAN; Abanoub RIAD; Joao Rocha ROCHA-GOMES; Jefferson Antonio Buendia RODRIGUEZ; Leonardo ROEVER; Moustaq Karim Khan RONY; Himanshu Sekhar ROUT; S N CHANDAN; Aly M A SAAD; Cameron John SABET; Mohd SAEED; Umar SAEED; Mehdi SAFARI; Morteza SAKI; Afeez Abolarinwa SALAMI; Zikria SALEEM; Mohamed A SALEH; Dauda SALIHU; Yoseph Leonardo SAMODRA; Abdallah M SAMY; Milena M SANTRIC-MILICEVIC; Aswini SARAVANAN; Mohammad SARMADI; Gargi Sachin SARODE; Sachin C SARODE; Brijesh SATHIAN; Mukesh Kumar Sathya NARAYANAN; Maheswar SATPATHY; Monika SAWHNEY; Christophe SCHINCKUS; Mohammad H SEMREEN; Pallav SENGUPTA; Subramanian SENTHILKUMARAN; Yashendra SETHI; Allen SEYLANI; Moyad Jamal SHAHWAN; Masood Ali SHAIKH; Muhammad Aaqib SHAMIM; Anas SHAMSI; Alfiya SHAMSUTDINOVA; Dan SHAN; Amin SHARIFAN; Javad Sharifi RAD; Shamee SHASTRY; Ramzi SHAWAHNA; Rahim Ali SHEIKHI; Samendra P SHERCHAN; B Suresh Kumar SHETTY; Pavanchand H SHETTY; Premalatha K SHETTY; Md Monir Hossain SHIMUL; Nebiyu Aniley SHITAYE; Aminu SHITTU; Sina SHOOL; Sunil SHRESTHA; Emmanuel Edwar SIDDIG; Ayesha SIDDIQUA; Baljinder SINGH; Harmanjit SINGH; Puneetpal SINGH; Surjit SINGH; Valentin Yurievich SKRYABIN; Anna Aleksandrovna SKRYABINA; Farrukh SOBIA; Balamrit Singh SOKHAL; Prashant SOOD; Soroush SORANEH; Michael SPARTALIS; Bahadar S SRICHAWLA; Manikandan SRINIVASAN; Devin Bailey SRIVASTAVA; Andy STERGACHIS; Omer SUBASI; Aravindkumar SUBRAMANIAN; Vetriselvan SUBRAMANIYAN; Thanigaivel SUNDARAM; Chandan Kumar SWAIN; Lukasz SZARPAK; Fatemeh Sadat TABATABAEI; Seyed Shahaboddin TABATABAEI; Celine TABCHE; Mohammad TABISH; Yasaman Taheri ABKENAR; Saba TARIQ; Razieh Tavakoli OLIAEE; Rahele TAVAKOLY; Mohamad-Hani TEMSAH; Wegen Beyene TESFAMARIAM; Hadiza THEYRA-ENIAS; Jansje Henny Vera TICOALU; Tenaw Yimer TIRUYE; Madi TLESHEV; Sojit TOMO; Marcos Roberto TOVANI-PALONE; An Thien TRAN; Tam Quoc Minh TRAN; Nguyen Tran Minh DUC; Domenico TRICO; Evangelia Eirini TSERMPINI; Lorainne Tudor CAR; Aniefiok John UDOAKANG; Atta ULLAH; Himayat ULLAH; Hauwa Onozasi UMAR; Lawan UMAR; Era UPADHYAY; Jibrin Sammani USMAN; Hande UZUNCIBUK; Asokan Govindaraj VAITHINATHAN; Balachandar VELLINGIRI; Qingzhi WANG; Wei WANG; Yanzhong WANG; Samuel WIEBE; Marcin W WOJEWODZIC; Zenghong WU; Lishun XIAO; Wanqing XIE; Mahnaz YADOLLAHI; Haibo YANG; Renjulal YESODHARAN; Dehui YIN; Malede Berihun YISMAW; Naohiro YONEMOTO; Chuanhua YU; Deniz YUCE; Aurora ZANGHI; Michael ZASTROZHIN; Mohammed ZAWIAH; Mohammed G M ZEARIYA; Sebastian ZENSEN; Tiansong ZHAN; Xiaoyi ZHANG; Zhongyi ZHAO; Claire Chenwen ZHONG; Abzal ZHUMAGALIULY; Sa'ed H ZYOUD; Il Shin JAE; Dong Keon YON a Lee SMITH. Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE. SEOUL: KOREAN ASSOC INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2026, roč. 41, č. 2, s. 350-366. ISSN 1226-3303. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2025.278.
@article{2565803, author = {Jeong, Yi Deun and Park, Seoyoung and Jang, Wonwoo and Kim, Min Seo and Bhoomadevi, A. and Aalipour, Mohammad Amin and Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani and Abdoun, Meriem and Abdullahi, Auwal and AbdulandRahman, Toufik and Abedi, Armita and Aboagye, Richard Gyan and Abouzid, Mohamed and Abtahi, Dariush and Abubakar, Bilyaminu and AbuandGharbieh, Eman and Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y and Aburuz, Salahdein and Abushanab, Dina and Adams, Lisa C and Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola and Adegoke, Nurudeen A and Adeleke, Olumide Thomas and Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi and Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther and Adnan, Mohd and Adoma, Prince Owusu and Adzrago, David and Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun and Afrasanie, VladandAdrian and Afrashteh, Fatemeh and Afzal, Saira and AgyemangandDuah, Williams and Ahadi, Mahsa and Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku and Ahmad, Aqeel and Ahmad, Danish and Ahmad, Muayyad M and Ahmad, Sajjad and Ahmadi, Negar Sadat and Ahmed, Ali and Ahmed, Ayman and Ahmed, Muktar Beshir and Ahmed, Sindew Mahmud and Ahmed, Syed Anees and AlandAjlouni, Yazan and Alam, Mostafa and AlandAshwal, Fahmi Y and Aldhaleei, Wafa A and Aleidi, Shereen M and Alfalki, Ali M and Algammal, Abdelazeem M and Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji and Alhuwail, Dari and Ali, Abid and Ali, Bassam R and Ali, Liaqat and Ali, Mohammad Daud and Ali, Mohammed Usman and Ali, Rafat and Ali, Syed Shujait and Alipour, Morteza and AlandJabi, Samah W and Aljofan, Mohamad and Alkhawam, Mustafa and Allouh, Mohammed Z and AlandMarwani, Sabah and Almazan, Joseph Uy and Alqudimat, Mohammad R and AlandQudimat, Ahmad Rajeh and Alrimawi, Intima and Alsabri, Mohammed A and Alshahrani, Najim Z and Altaf, Awais and AlandWorafi, Yaser Mohammed and Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim and Amin, Amr and Amindarolzarbi, Alireza and Amzat, Jimoh and Anagnostakis, Filippos and Andrei, Catalina Liliana and Anjorin, AbdulandAzeez Adeyemi and Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola and Anvari, Saeid and Anwar, Saleha and Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward and Arabloo, Jalal and Arafat, Mosab and Arias, de la Torre Jorge and Arjmand, Ghazal and Arockiaraj, Jesu and Artamonov, Anton A and Arumugam, Ashokan and Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin and Ashrafi, Mitra and Assefa, Dereje Zewdu and Atreya, Alok and Atta, Julie Alaere and Ayanore, Martin Amogre and Ayatollahi, Haleh and Azadnia, Arian and Azargoonjahromi, Ali and Azeez, Fahad Khan and Aziz, Sadat Abdulla and Azzam, Ahmed Y and Baghsheikhi, Hediyeh and Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin and Banach, Maciej and Bansal, Hansi and Bante, Simachew Animen and Bardhan, Mainak and Barrow, Amadou and Basharat, Zarrin and Bastan, MohammadandMahdi and Batiha, AbdulandMonim and Batra, Kavita and Bayat, Mahdis and Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew and Beeraka, Narasimha M and Bilgin, Gokce Belge and Berihun, Abiye Assefa and Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhala, Neeraj and Bhardwaj, Nikha and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhaskar, Sonu and Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini and Bhatti, Rajbir and BievelandRadulescu, Raluca and Bilgin, Cem and BizzozeroandPeroni, Bruno and Bolourinejad, Paria and Boppana, Sri Harsha and Carvajal, Alejandro Botero and Bulamu, Norma B and Busch, Felix and Bustanji, Yasser and Cairns, Rose and Barsbay, Mehtap Cakmak and Camera, Luis Alberto and Cao, Si and Capodici, Angelo and Carugno, Andrea and Carvalho, Andre F and Carvalho, Marcia and CastaldelliandMaia, Joao Mauricio and Cenderadewi, Muthia and ChaconandUscamaita, Pamela Roxana and Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai and Chattu, Vijay Kumar and Chau, Lam Duc and Chaudhuri, Sirshendu and Chen, AnandTian and Chen, Haowei and Chen, Qingsong and Chen, Xing and Ching, Patrick R and Cho, Daniel Youngwhan and Chong, Bryan and Chopra, Hitesh and Chopra, Shivani and Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan and Chu, DinhandToi and Chukwu, Isaac Sunday and Chung, Sunghyun and Columbus, Alyssa and Conde, Joao and Dadras, Omid and Dai, Xiaochen and Dalakoti, Mayank et al.}, article_location = {SEOUL}, article_number = {2}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2025.278}, keywords = {Adverse effect; Global Burden of Disease; Disability-adjusted life years; Incidence; Mortality}, language = {eng}, issn = {1226-3303}, journal = {KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE}, title = {Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021}, url = {https://kjim.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3904/kjim.2025.278}, volume = {41}, year = {2026} }
TY - JOUR ID - 2565803 AU - Jeong, Yi Deun - Park, Seoyoung - Jang, Wonwoo - Kim, Min Seo - Bhoomadevi, A. - Aalipour, Mohammad Amin - Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani - Abdoun, Meriem - Abdullahi, Auwal - Abdul-Rahman, Toufik - Abedi, Armita - Aboagye, Richard Gyan - Abouzid, Mohamed - Abtahi, Dariush - Abubakar, Bilyaminu - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman - Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y - Aburuz, Salahdein - Abushanab, Dina - Adams, Lisa C - Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola - Adegoke, Nurudeen A - Adeleke, Olumide Thomas - Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi - Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther - Adnan, Mohd - Adoma, Prince Owusu - Adzrago, David - Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun - Afrasanie, Vlad-Adrian - Afrashteh, Fatemeh - Afzal, Saira - Agyemang-Duah, Williams - Ahadi, Mahsa - Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku - Ahmad, Aqeel - Ahmad, Danish - Ahmad, Muayyad M - Ahmad, Sajjad - Ahmadi, Negar Sadat - Ahmed, Ali - Ahmed, Ayman - Ahmed, Muktar Beshir - Ahmed, Sindew Mahmud - Ahmed, Syed Anees - Al-Ajlouni, Yazan - Alam, Mostafa - Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y - Aldhaleei, Wafa A - Aleidi, Shereen M - Alfalki, Ali M - Algammal, Abdelazeem M - Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji - Alhuwail, Dari - Ali, Abid - Ali, Bassam R - Ali, Liaqat - Ali, Mohammad Daud - Ali, Mohammed Usman - Ali, Rafat - Ali, Syed Shujait - Alipour, Morteza - Al-Jabi, Samah W - Aljofan, Mohamad - Alkhawam, Mustafa - Allouh, Mohammed Z - Al-Marwani, Sabah - Almazan, Joseph Uy - Alqudimat, Mohammad R - Al-Qudimat, Ahmad Rajeh - Alrimawi, Intima - Alsabri, Mohammed A - Alshahrani, Najim Z - Altaf, Awais - Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed - Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim - Amin, Amr - Amindarolzarbi, Alireza - Amzat, Jimoh - Anagnostakis, Filippos - Andrei, Catalina Liliana - Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi - Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola - Anvari, Saeid - Anwar, Saleha - Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward - Arabloo, Jalal - Arafat, Mosab - Arias, de la Torre Jorge - Arjmand, Ghazal - Arockiaraj, Jesu - Artamonov, Anton A - Arumugam, Ashokan - Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin - Ashrafi, Mitra - Assefa, Dereje Zewdu - Atreya, Alok - Atta, Julie Alaere - Ayanore, Martin Amogre - Ayatollahi, Haleh - Azadnia, Arian - Azargoonjahromi, Ali - Azeez, Fahad Khan - Aziz, Sadat Abdulla - Azzam, Ahmed Y - Baghsheikhi, Hediyeh - Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin - Banach, Maciej - Bansal, Hansi - Bante, Simachew Animen - Bardhan, Mainak - Barrow, Amadou - Basharat, Zarrin - Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi - Batiha, Abdul-Monim - Batra, Kavita - Bayat, Mahdis - Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew - Beeraka, Narasimha M - Bilgin, Gokce Belge - Berihun, Abiye Assefa - Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C - Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth - Bhala, Neeraj - Bhardwaj, Nikha - Bhardwaj, Pankaj - Bhaskar, Sonu - Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini - Bhatti, Rajbir - Bievel-Radulescu, Raluca - Bilgin, Cem - Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno - Bolourinejad, Paria - Boppana, Sri Harsha - Carvajal, Alejandro Botero - Bulamu, Norma B - Busch, Felix - Bustanji, Yasser - Cairns, Rose - Barsbay, Mehtap Cakmak - Camera, Luis Alberto - Cao, Si - Capodici, Angelo - Carugno, Andrea - Carvalho, Andre F - Carvalho, Marcia - Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio - Cenderadewi, Muthia - Chacon-Uscamaita, Pamela Roxana - Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai - Chattu, Vijay Kumar - Chau, Lam Duc - Chaudhuri, Sirshendu - Chen, An-Tian - Chen, Haowei - Chen, Qingsong - Chen, Xing - Ching, Patrick R - Cho, Daniel Youngwhan - Chong, Bryan - Chopra, Hitesh - Chopra, Shivani - Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan - Chu, Dinh-Toi - Chukwu, Isaac Sunday - Chung, Sunghyun - Columbus, Alyssa - Conde, Joao - Dadras, Omid - Dai, Xiaochen - Dalakoti, Mayank et al. PY - 2026 TI - Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 JF - KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE VL - 41 IS - 2 SP - 350-366 EP - 350-366 PB - KOREAN ASSOC INTERNAL MEDICINE SN - 12263303 KW - Adverse effect KW - Global Burden of Disease KW - Disability-adjusted life years KW - Incidence KW - Mortality UR - https://kjim.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3904/kjim.2025.278 N2 - Background/Aims This study aims to evaluate the global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Methods Data were extracted from the GBD 2021, covering 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. AEMT was defined using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, encompassing complications from medical procedures, treatments, or healthcare exposures. Estimates were categorized into fatal and non-fatal outcomes and stratified by age, sex, year, and covariates, including the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Mortality-incidence ratios (MIRs), defined as the ratio of mortality calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total incident cases, were analyzed. Results In 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of AEMT were 11.48 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 8.86–14.13), 150.44 (131.19–171.81), 64.19 (51.06–73.11), and 1.53 (1.29–1.68) per 100,000 population, respectively. DALY rates were highest in the early neonatal group (4,789.47 per 100,000 population [95% UI, 3,682.00–5,963.30]), while mortality rates followed a U-shaped pattern across age groups. In 2021, MIRs were highest at both ends of the age range: the early neonatal group (0.58 [95% UI, 0.55–0.58]) and the 95+ age group (0.05 [0.04–0.06]). This pattern was consistent across all SDI quintiles, with higher MIRs observed in lower SDI quintiles. Conclusions The significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of AEMT among the older population in high SDI quintiles, compared to lower SDI quintiles, could be attributed to the healthcare overutilization, highlighting the need for policy adjustments. ER -
JEONG, Yi Deun; Seoyoung PARK; Wonwoo JANG; Min Seo KIM; A. BHOOMADEVI; Mohammad Amin AALIPOUR; Mohammed Altigani ABDALLA; Meriem ABDOUN; Auwal ABDULLAHI; Toufik ABDUL-RAHMAN; Armita ABEDI; Richard Gyan ABOAGYE; Mohamed ABOUZID; Dariush ABTAHI; Bilyaminu ABUBAKAR; Eman ABU-GHARBIEH; Ahmad Y ABUHELWA; Salahdein ABURUZ; Dina ABUSHANAB; Lisa C ADAMS; Kamoru Ademola ADEDOKUN; Nurudeen A ADEGOKE; Olumide Thomas ADELEKE; Juliana Bunmi ADETUNJI; Temitayo Esther ADEYEOLUWA; Mohd ADNAN; Prince Owusu ADOMA; David ADZRAGO; Habeeb Abiodun AFOLABI; Vlad-Adrian AFRASANIE; Fatemeh AFRASHTEH; Saira AFZAL; Williams AGYEMANG-DUAH; Mahsa AHADI; Bright Opoku AHINKORAH; Aqeel AHMAD; Danish AHMAD; Muayyad M AHMAD; Sajjad AHMAD; Negar Sadat AHMADI; Ali AHMED; Ayman AHMED; Muktar Beshir AHMED; Sindew Mahmud AHMED; Syed Anees AHMED; Yazan AL-AJLOUNI; Mostafa ALAM; Fahmi Y AL-ASHWAL; Wafa A ALDHALEEI; Shereen M ALEIDI; Ali M ALFALKI; Abdelazeem M ALGAMMAL; Fadwa Naji ALHALAIQA; Dari ALHUWAIL; Abid ALI; Bassam R ALI; Liaqat ALI; Mohammad Daud ALI; Mohammed Usman ALI; Rafat ALI; Syed Shujait ALI; Morteza ALIPOUR; Samah W AL-JABI; Mohamad ALJOFAN; Mustafa ALKHAWAM; Mohammed Z ALLOUH; Sabah AL-MARWANI; Joseph Uy ALMAZAN; Mohammad R ALQUDIMAT; Ahmad Rajeh AL-QUDIMAT; Intima ALRIMAWI; Mohammed A ALSABRI; Najim Z ALSHAHRANI; Awais ALTAF; Yaser Mohammed AL-WORAFI; Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim ALYAHYA; Amr AMIN; Alireza AMINDAROLZARBI; Jimoh AMZAT; Filippos ANAGNOSTAKIS; Catalina Liliana ANDREI; Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi ANJORIN; Iyadunni Adesola ANUOLUWA; Saeid ANVARI; Saleha ANWAR; Anayochukwu Edward ANYASODOR; Jalal ARABLOO; Mosab ARAFAT; de la Torre Jorge ARIAS; Ghazal ARJMAND; Jesu AROCKIARAJ; Anton A ARTAMONOV; Ashokan ARUMUGAM; Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin ASDAQ; Mitra ASHRAFI; Dereje Zewdu ASSEFA; Alok ATREYA; Julie Alaere ATTA; Martin Amogre AYANORE; Haleh AYATOLLAHI; Arian AZADNIA; Ali AZARGOONJAHROMI; Fahad Khan AZEEZ; Sadat Abdulla AZIZ; Ahmed Y AZZAM; Hediyeh BAGHSHEIKHI; Ovidiu Constantin BALTATU; Maciej BANACH; Hansi BANSAL; Simachew Animen BANTE; Mainak BARDHAN; Amadou BARROW; Zarrin BASHARAT; Mohammad-Mahdi BASTAN; Abdul-Monim BATIHA; Kavita BATRA; Mahdis BAYAT; Nebiyou Simegnew BAYLEYEGN; Narasimha M BEERAKA; Gokce Belge BILGIN; Abiye Assefa BERIHUN; Amiel Nazer C BERMUDEZ; Akshaya Srikanth BHAGAVATHULA; Neeraj BHALA; Nikha BHARDWAJ; Pankaj BHARDWAJ; Sonu BHASKAR; Priyadarshini BHATTACHARJEE; Rajbir BHATTI; Raluca BIEVEL-RADULESCU; Cem BILGIN; Bruno BIZZOZERO-PERONI; Paria BOLOURINEJAD; Sri Harsha BOPPANA; Alejandro Botero CARVAJAL; Norma B BULAMU; Felix BUSCH; Yasser BUSTANJI; Rose CAIRNS; Mehtap Cakmak BARSBAY; Luis Alberto CAMERA; Si CAO; Angelo CAPODICI; Andrea CARUGNO; Andre F CARVALHO; Marcia CARVALHO; Joao Mauricio CASTALDELLI-MAIA; Muthia CENDERADEWI; Pamela Roxana CHACON-USCAMAITA; Jeffrey Shi Kai CHAN; Vijay Kumar CHATTU; Lam Duc CHAU; Sirshendu CHAUDHURI; An-Tian CHEN; Haowei CHEN; Qingsong CHEN; Xing CHEN; Patrick R CHING; Daniel Youngwhan CHO; Bryan CHONG; Hitesh CHOPRA; Shivani CHOPRA; Sonali Gajanan CHOUDHARI; Dinh-Toi CHU; Isaac Sunday CHUKWU; Sunghyun CHUNG; Alyssa COLUMBUS; Joao CONDE; Omid DADRAS; Xiaochen DAI; Mayank DALAKOTI; Giovanni DAMIANI; Emanuele D'AMICO; Endalamaw Tesfa DAMTIE; Anh Kim DANG; Samuel Demissie DARCHO; Latefa Ali DARDAS; Paul I DARGAN; Emina DERVISEVIC; Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan DEVANBU; Pradeep Kumar DEVARAKONDA; Kuldeep DHAMA; Sameer DHINGRA; Jingkai DI; da Silva Diana DIAS; Shirin DJALALINIA; Huyen Phuc DO; Sushil DOHARE; Neda DOLATKHAH; Mario D'ORIA; Fariba DOROSTKAR; Ojas Prakashbhai DOSHI; Robert Kokou DOWOU; Viola Savy DSOUZA; Aster Dure DUMBULLO; Senbagam DURAISAMY; Sulagna DUTTA; Abdel Rahman E'MAR; Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud EBRAHEIM; Ashkan Eighaei SEDEH; Michael EKHOLUENETALE; Muhammed ELHADI; Mohamed Hassan ELNAEM; Chadi ELTAHA; Abdelgawad Salah ELTAHAWY; Amir Emami ZEYDI; Elochukwu EZENWANKWO; Heidar FADAVIAN; Adeniyi Francis FAGBAMIGBE; Ayesha FAHIM; Mohammad FAREED; Sara FARINA; Ali FATEHIZADEH; Alireza FEIZKHAH; Ginenus FEKADU; Ulrich Membe FEMOE; Rodrigo FERNANDEZ-JIMENEZ; Pietro FERRARA; Nuno FERREIRA; Florian FISCHER; Federica FOGACCI; Behzad FOROUTAN; Takeshi FUKUMOTO; Dominic Dormenyo GADEKA; Mario GAJDACS; Dingwei GAO; Xiang GAO; David GARCIA-AZORIN; Rupesh K GAUTAM; Miglas Welay GEBREGERGIS; Delaram J GHADIMI; Kazem GHAFFARI; Arin GHAMKHAR; Fariba GHASSEMI; Zainab GHOLAMI; Artyom Urievich GIL; Alem Abera GIRMAY; Mahaveer GOLECHHA; Pouya GOLEIJ; Mohsen GOLKAR; Melika GOLMOHAMMADI; Nelson G M GOMES; Ayman GRADA; Shi-Yang GUAN; Giovanni GUARDUCCI; Damitha Asanga GUNAWARDANE; Veer Bala GUPTA; Roberth Steven GUTIERREZ-MURILLO; Parishma GUTTOO; Najah R HADI; Pritam HALDER; Sajid HAMEED; Samer HAMIDI; Harrison J HANSFORD; Mohammad Jahid HASAN; Syed Shahzad HASAN; Md Saquib HASNAIN; Amr HASSAN; Muhammad HASSAN; Nageeb HASSAN; Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh TABATABAEI; Rasmus J HAVMOELLER; Khezar HAYAT; Khedidja HEDNA; Mohammad HEIDARI; Mojtaba HEYDARI; Yuta HIRAIKE; Alamgir HOSSAIN; Sorin HOSTIUC; Hanno HOVEN; Guoqing HU; Junjie HUANG; Xiaojie HUANG; Kiavash HUSHMANDI; Bing-Fang HWANG; Olayinka Stephen ILESANMI; Irena M ILIC; Milena D ILIC; Lalu Muhammad IRHAM; Abubakar Musa ISA; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ISLAM; Nahlah Elkudssiah ISMAIL; Haitham JAHRAMI; Anmol JAIN; Nityanand JAIN; Vikash JAISWAL; Ruchi JAKHMOLA-MANI; Mihajlo JAKOVLJEVIC; Armaan JAMAL; Jerin JAMES; Amirreza Javadi MAMAGHANI; Ruwan Duminda JAYASINGHE; Felix K JEBASINGH; Gwang Hun JEONG; Seogsong JEONG; Bijay Mukesh Mukesh JESWANI; Nitin JOSEPH; Charity Ehimwenma JOSHUA; Ashish Kumar KAKKAR; Ashwin KAMATH; Ramat T KAMORUDEEN; Saddam Fuad KANAAN; Samuel Berchi KANKAM; Kehinde Kazeem KANMODI; Rami S KANTAR; Sujita Kumar KAR; Samad KARKHAH; Mohmed Isaqali KAROBARI; Tomasz M M KARPINSKI; Joonas H KAUPPILA; Ariz KESHWANI; Himanshu KHAJURIA; Mohammad Ali KHAKSAR; Sumaira KHALID-ARITURK; Ajmal KHAN; Muhammad Mueed KHAN; Ramsha Mushtaq KHAN; Yusuf Saleem KHAN; Zahid KHAN; Sameer Uttamaro KHASBAGE; Haitham KHATATBEH; Moawiah Mohammad KHATATBEH; Jagdish KHUBCHANDANI; Adnan KISA; Ali-Asghar KOLAHI; Farzad KOMPANI; Oleksii KORZH; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane LAXMINARAYANA; Irene Akwo KRETCHY; Varun KRISHNA; Burcu Kucuk BICER; Mohammed KUDDUS; Mukhtar KULIMBET; Dian KUSUMA; Ville KYTO; Lucie LAFLAMME; Savita LASRADO; Duc Huy LE; Thao Thi Thu LE; Caterina LEDDA; Seung Won LEE; Wei-Chen LEE; Vasileios LEIVADITIS; Jing LI; Virendra S LIGADE; Liangquan LIN; Xiaofeng LIU; Xuefeng LIU; Erand LLANAJ; Platon D LOPUKHOV; Jailos LUBINDA; Giancarlo LUCCHETTI; Raimundas LUNEVICIUS; Peng LUO; Ellina LYTVYAK; Kevin Sheng-Kai MA; Seyed Ataollah MADINEZAD; Aurea Marilia MADUREIRA-CARVALHO; Sasikumar MAHALINGAM; Mehrdad MAHALLEH; Samatar Abshir MAHAMED; Nozad Hussein MAHMOOD; Farhad MAHMOUDI; Venkatesh MALED; Ahmad Azam MALIK; Kamaruddeen MANNETHODI; Shaista MANZOOR; Roy Rillera MARZO; Sammer MARZOUK; Yasith MATHANGASINGHE; Fernanda Penido MATOZINHOS; Khurshid A MATTOO; Steven M MCPHAIL; Rishi P MEDIRATTA; Vini MEHTA; Hadush Negash MELES; Ritesh G MENEZES; Alexios-Fotios A MENTIS; Atte MERETOJA; Tuomo J MERETOJA; Tomislav MESTROVIC; 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Vafa RAHIMI-MOVAGHAR; Fryad Majeed RAHMAN; Mohammad Hifz Ur RAHMAN; Mosiur RAHMAN; Muhammad Aziz RAHMAN; Adarsh RAJA; Mahmoud Mohammed RAMADAN; Shakthi Kumaran RAMASAMY; Sheena RAMAZANU; Nemanja RANCIC; Devarajan RATHISH; David Laith RAWAF; Salman RAWAF; Andre M N RENZAHO; Mina REZAEI; Nazila REZAEI; Mohsen REZAEIAN; Abanoub RIAD; Joao Rocha ROCHA-GOMES; Jefferson Antonio Buendia RODRIGUEZ; Leonardo ROEVER; Moustaq Karim Khan RONY; Himanshu Sekhar ROUT; S N CHANDAN; Aly M A SAAD; Cameron John SABET; Mohd SAEED; Umar SAEED; Mehdi SAFARI; Morteza SAKI; Afeez Abolarinwa SALAMI; Zikria SALEEM; Mohamed A SALEH; Dauda SALIHU; Yoseph Leonardo SAMODRA; Abdallah M SAMY; Milena M SANTRIC-MILICEVIC; Aswini SARAVANAN; Mohammad SARMADI; Gargi Sachin SARODE; Sachin C SARODE; Brijesh SATHIAN; Mukesh Kumar Sathya NARAYANAN; Maheswar SATPATHY; Monika SAWHNEY; Christophe SCHINCKUS; Mohammad H SEMREEN; Pallav SENGUPTA; Subramanian SENTHILKUMARAN; Yashendra SETHI; Allen SEYLANI; Moyad Jamal SHAHWAN; Masood Ali SHAIKH; 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