The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space
Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection

D 2026

The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection

BLECHOVÁ, Anna; Jakub VOSTOUPAL; Michael BÁTRLA a Jakub HARAŠTA

Základní údaje

Originální název

The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection

Autoři

BLECHOVÁ, Anna ; Jakub VOSTOUPAL ; Michael BÁTRLA a Jakub HARAŠTA

Vydání

Tallinn, 2026 18th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Securing Tomorrow, od s. 35-50, 16 s. 2026

Nakladatel

CCDCOE Publications

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Stať ve sborníku

Obor

50501 Law

Stát vydavatele

Estonsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Forma vydání

tištěná verze "print"

Odkazy

Plný text sborníku

Označené pro přenos do RIV

ISBN

978-9916-9227-2-9

Klíčová slova anglicky

armed conflict; human rights; privacy; remote sensing; space technologies

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 28. 5. 2026 09:55, JUDr. Mgr. Jakub Harašta, Ph.D.

Anotace

V originále

Space technologies are vital to modern life and armed conflicts. The Viasat cyberattack formed part of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, while Starlink ensured operational efficiency for Ukrainian forces. Remote sensing and GNSS provide crucial strategic advantages and remain indispensable to contemporary militaries. However, given the dual nature of the related infrastructure, there are also risks regarding data protection and privacy. In peacetime, legal frameworks and regulatory mechanisms exist to safeguard these fundamental rights. However, the applications of these frameworks become considerably more complex and challenging to enforce during armed conflict, creating a less explored intersection between privacy/data protection, law of armed conflict, and the jurisdictional challenges of space. In military decision-making, even in connection to space activities, law serves as one of the boundaries for what we deem ethical or acceptable by society when pursuing operational and strategic goals. Legal rules and norms serve as constraints on decisionmaking during armed conflict. Given the complex legal and other obligations, mapping them in advance is essential, as uncertainties decrease decision-making speed and increase related risks. The paper focuses on situations in which the law of armed conflict is ambiguous or silent, rendering it ineffective as an actionable decision-making constraint. It explores whether and to what extent privacy remains a legal and ethical concern within armed conflict in the space domain or other domains relying on space technology. This analysis serves as a mapping study of the related obligations and their interaction, complexities, and uncertainties. By clarifying the relevant legal regimes through the case study of privacy and data protection, the paper concludes that outer space should no longer be understood merely as a transportation or supportive domain, but rather as a persistent domain in which armed conflicts may take place.

Citovat

BLECHOVÁ, Anna; Jakub VOSTOUPAL; Michael BÁTRLA a Jakub HARAŠTA. The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection. In C. Kwan, B. M. Åkesson, M. Cvetko, A. Dollimore, M. Tolppa. 2026 18th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Securing Tomorrow. Tallinn: CCDCOE Publications, 2026, s. 35-50. ISBN 978-9916-9227-2-9.

@inproceedings{2575357,
   author = {Blechová, Anna and Vostoupal, Jakub and Bátrla, Michael and Harašta, Jakub},
   address = {Tallinn},
   booktitle = {2026 18th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Securing Tomorrow},
   editor = {C. Kwan, B. M. Åkesson, M. Cvetko, A. Dollimore, M. Tolppa},
   keywords = {armed conflict; human rights; privacy; remote sensing; space technologies},
   howpublished = {tištěná verze "print"},
   language = {eng},
   location = {Tallinn},
   isbn = {978-9916-9227-2-9},
   pages = {35-50},
   publisher = {CCDCOE Publications},
   title = {The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection},
   url = {https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2026/05/CyCon_2026_Proceedings.pdf},
   year = {2026}
}

TY  - CONF
ID  - 2575357
AU  - Blechová, Anna - Vostoupal, Jakub - Bátrla, Michael - Harašta, Jakub
PY  - 2026
TI  - The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection
PB  - CCDCOE Publications
CY  - Tallinn
SN  - 9789916922729
KW  - armed conflict
KW  - human rights
KW  - privacy
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - space technologies
UR  - https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2026/05/CyCon_2026_Proceedings.pdf
N2  - Space technologies are vital to modern life and armed conflicts. The Viasat cyberattack formed part of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, while Starlink ensured operational efficiency for Ukrainian forces. Remote sensing and GNSS provide crucial strategic advantages and remain indispensable to contemporary militaries. However, given the dual nature of the related infrastructure, there are also risks regarding data protection and privacy. In peacetime, legal frameworks and regulatory mechanisms exist to safeguard these fundamental rights. However, the applications of these frameworks become considerably more complex and challenging to enforce during armed conflict, creating a less explored intersection between privacy/data protection, law of armed conflict, and the jurisdictional challenges of space. In military decision-making, even in connection to space activities, law serves as one of the boundaries for what we deem ethical or acceptable by society when pursuing operational and strategic goals. Legal rules and norms serve as constraints on decisionmaking during armed conflict. Given the complex legal and other obligations, mapping them in advance is essential, as uncertainties decrease decision-making speed and increase related risks. The paper focuses on situations in which the law of armed conflict is ambiguous or silent, rendering it ineffective as an actionable decision-making constraint. It explores whether and to what extent privacy remains a legal and ethical concern within armed conflict in the space domain or other domains relying on space technology. This analysis serves as a mapping study of the related obligations and their interaction, complexities, and uncertainties. By clarifying the relevant legal regimes through the case study of privacy and data protection, the paper concludes that outer space should no longer be understood merely as a transportation or supportive domain, but rather as a persistent domain in which armed conflicts may take place.
ER  -

BLECHOVÁ, Anna; Jakub VOSTOUPAL; Michael BÁTRLA a Jakub HARAŠTA. The Final Frontier or the Final Panopticon? Reconciling Space Law, the Law of Armed Conflict, and Data Protection. In C. Kwan, B. M. Åkesson, M. Cvetko, A. Dollimore, M. Tolppa. \textit{2026 18th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Securing Tomorrow}. Tallinn: CCDCOE Publications, 2026, s.~35-50. ISBN~978-9916-9227-2-9.

Přehled o publikaci