Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional in vitro cell cultures (often generated from pluripotent stem cells), consisting of various brain tissue cell types and representing the anatomical structures of the human brain. Organoids are used to model neurological diseases and dementia; however, their lipid composition requires an adequate methodology for characterization. Lipids are essential constituents of cellular membranes involved in vital biological functions, and their composition evolves during neurogenesis and aging. Mass spectrometry-based exploratory lipidomics is a powerful tool to characterize membrane lipids, potentially unraveling mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Classical hypotheses study the aggregation of membrane proteins, especially beta-amyloid and tau-protein, which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of pathogenesis and, thus, targets for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease remain elusive. The diploma thesis aims to apply modern analytical technology based on mass spectrometry to determine a wide range of membrane lipids. The goal is to develop a novel analytical approach to exploratory lipidomics applied to cerebral organoids or clinical samples. The results of the diploma thesis may contribute to understanding the mechanism of the pathogenesis of AD. Recent developments in analytical technology provide a unique opportunity to bring an urgently needed new perspective to AD research.