The aim of the thesis is to assess the socioeconomic impacts of High-Speed Rail (HSR) on regional development and mobility across Europe, specifically analyzing how HSR infrastructure influences economic transformation, labor mobility, and spatial equity. The study employs a qualitative, desk-based research design centered on a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journals and policy reports from 2000–2024. Data analysis focuses on five strategic case studies, including the Madrid Functional Area, Naples-Bari Corridor, and Grand Est Region to provide a comparative assessment of how HSR integrates into different economic and geographic contexts. The analysis will be set into a theoretical framework drawn from transport geography or economic theories (such as New Economic Geography). The comparative thematic analysis of the selected case studies will be carried out, to identify common trends, such as the divergence between urban and rural benefits. The assignment should conclude by synthesizing these findings to develop evidence-based policy recommendations, focusing on strategies to ensure that HSR infrastructure promotes inclusive regional growth and minimizes spatial disparities.