CST:CORE019 Pokroky a výzvy v moderní biol

CORE019 Pokroky a výzvy v moderní biologii

Celouniverzitní studia
podzim 2022

Rozsah

2/0/0. 2 kr. (plus 1 za k). Ukončení: k.

Vyučující

Garance

Mgr. Karel Říha, Ph.D.
Mendelovo centrum genomiky a proteomiky rostlin – Středoevropský technologický institut
Kontaktní osoba: Mgr. Alena Otoupalíková, Ph.D.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Mendelovo centrum genomiky a proteomiky rostlin – Středoevropský technologický institut

Rozvrh

Po 17:00–18:50 B11/132

Předpoklady

Zájem o nejnovější trendy a technologie v biologických disciplínách. Znalost anglického jazyka alespoň na úrovni B1.

Omezení zápisu do předmětu

Předmět je otevřen studentům libovolného oboru.
Předmět si smí zapsat nejvýše 60 stud.
Momentální stav registrace a zápisu: zapsáno: 3/60, pouze zareg.: 0/60, pouze zareg. s předností (mateřské obory): 0/60

Cíle předmětu

Kurz Pokroky a výzvy v moderní biologii seznamuje studenty s trendy a zajímavými tématy moderní biologie, zejména z pohledu buněčné a molekulární biologie, biochemie a genetiky. Náplní jednotlivých přednášek je nabídnout spíše široký přehled s důrazem na koncepční otázky v dané oblasti než se zabývat podrobnostmi. Na ně lze navazovat v pokročilejších a specializovanějších kurzech. Kurz je primárně určen pro studenty biologických disciplín, který jim poskytne vhled do různých oblastí biologie s důrazem na nové trendy nebo technologie. Vítáni jsou ale i studenti jiných oborů, pro které by přednášky měly být též srozumitelné. Za poslední rok jsme byli svědky toho, jak moc může biologie ovlivnit naše životy. Získání vhledu do zajímavých otázek a problémů, které biologie zkouší řešit, a do technologického pokroku, který způsobí revoluci v biologii, tak jistě prospěje studentům všech oborů, které s vývojem v této disciplíně mohou být nějak spjaté.
Všechny přednášky budou vyučovány v angličtině. Studijní materiály poté budou k dispozici v anglickém jazyce.

Výstupy z učení

Studenti se seznámí se základními principy biologie a seznámí se se současným stavem a trendy v oboru. Dozví se o přesazích a použitelnosti znalostí moderní biologie ve svém mateřském oboru a získají významnou výhodu na trhu práce a získají přehled o výzkumu a metodách implementovaných na CEITEC MU.

Osnova

1) Green Alien – the Beauty and Value of Molecular Plant Biology (J. Hejátko) In the lecture I’ll introduce basic differences between animal and plant systems, particuallrly from the point of view of the developmental strategies used. I’ll highlight the importance of developmentral plasticity of plant cells and the importance of plant hormones in those processes. I’ll also desscribe the approaches used in the study of developmental regulations in plants including spatiotemporal specificity of gene expression and protein localization in plant cells and tissues. I’ll also briefly touch the recent developments in GMOs and genome editing and its importance for humankind.
2) Origins, structure, and impact of viruses on cellular life (P. Plevka) Viruses most likely emerged many times, which is reflected in the heterogeneity of their replication strategies and particle structures. Viruses have always played a key role in evolutionary events by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. We will discuss the impact of viruses on the evolution of eukaryotes and other important milestones in the evolution of cellular organisms.
3) The (Plant) Cell – a Vessel for Life (T. Nodzynski) Introduction to the basics of cell biology, covering a description of concepts, elements and processes that make a fuctional cell, a complete functoinal unit. The mateial will touch-upon the cell biology of all kingdomes but with a skew towards the Plant Cell as an example.
4) How the epitranscriptome is changing our world (M. O´Connell) In the past ten years it has become apparent that RNA modification or as it is known as the epitranscriptome, adds a layer of complexity to our transcriptome that we were previously unaware of. These RNA modifications can have many different consequences on the encoded RNA. An analogy would be seeing something in black and white film or color film. The epitranscriptome has been key to developing the new RNA vaccines that have been successful against the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. RNA modification is ancient and is present in all three domains of life. This lecture will discuss the dynamic world of RNA modification and its impact on biology and diseases.
5) From RNA world to RNA-based technologies (Š. Vaňáčová) This lecture will cover the aspects of RNA world hypothesis and then guide students historically through the RNA discoveries towards developments of RNA-based technologies being used in basic research, applied science and medicine.
6) Life at the nanoscale: how to touch a molecule (J. Přibyl) Have you heard about AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy)? Furthermore, did you know that it can produce impressive results in the characterization of bio-samples? The lecture will present an overview of the use of AFM and related techniques when the sample size proceeds from single-molecule to the whole cells and their clusters. The microscopy operates in their native environment. The range of advanced AFM modalities, including high-resolution and high-speed imaging, mechanical properties obtained in nanoindentation measurements, and single-molecule and single-cell force spectroscopy, will form the basis of the presentation. Combination with other techniques, such as fluorescence and/or Raman microscopy, forms correlative approaches that highlight recent examples to demonstrate the power of AFM techniques in life sciences and nanomedicine.
7) Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK): from regulation of basic biological processes to treatment of human diseases (D. Blažek) Example of CDK and history of their research will be used to discuss roles of kinases and other enzymes in regulation of basic biological processes and treatment of human diseases. We will discuss roles of CDKs in regulation of cell cycle, transcription and mRNA processing and how deregulation of these processes leads to onset of human diseases, particularly cancer. We will review CDKs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in cancer and discuss challenges in bringing CDK inhibitors to successful clinical applications.
8) Studies of leukemia biology leading to novel targeted therapy (M. Mráz) Hematology is the medical field where the first small molecules were used in targetted therapy, first monoclonal antibodies were developed, first CAR T cells, and first gene editing was used to treat rare diseases. It is the frontier of basic biology being transffered to clinics.
9) Such a beautiful fruit! (H.R.Boisivon) Fruits are part of our food. From fruits are also coming all types of grains and seeds that we need for baking pancakes, breads and cookies. We will explore how fruits are produced, and how the surrounding environment impacts on their production and dispersion. We will see how men helped to breed fruits for their consumption.
10) Plants - masters of regeneration (M. Pernisová) Unlike humans and other animals, plants are superb at regeneration. They can reprogram somatic cells and regenerate new tissues or organs. Upon perception of inductive cues, somatic cells often dedifferentiate, redifferentiate or transdifferentiate, proliferate, and acquire new fates to develop new organs or repair damaged tissues. Underlying these processes is the activation of transcriptional cascades to promote cell fate reprogramming and to initiate new developmental programs.
11) From Mozart’s hair to understanding protein architecture and its importance for the life (L. Žídek) The lecture will introduce basics and history of structural biology, using proteins as examples. Without any technical details, we learn how structural biology can describe exact shapes of such small and such complex molecular devices as proteins are.
12) Organization and regulation of gene transcription (R. Štefl) Regulation of gene expression determines cell identity and function. This regulation occurs to a large extent during transcription, which not only produces RNA from genes but also organizes regulatory factors at the site of transcription. We will discuss the organization and regulation of transcription from a structural biology perspective.
13) New concepts of gene engineering in mammalian cells (M. Šmída) This lecture will give an overview of different approaches to gene engineering (Zinc-finger proteins, TALENs, CRISPR/Cas system) and how gene engineering has been developing historically. We will discuss the story behind CRISPR invention and how it is used nowadays, incl. potential threats to misuse gene editing technology.
14) Biology of Aging (K. Říha) Getting old is a natural feature of life. This lecture will put scientifc perspective on this phenomenon. It will discuss the following questions: What is aging? Why do we age? Do all organims age, and if yes, is their pace of aging the same? Is aging an inevitable process or an option that can be delayed or even avoided?

Výukové metody

Přednášky a diskuse se studenty.

Metody hodnocení

vyplnění dotazníku zpětné vazby

Vyučovací jazyk

Angličtina

Informace učitele

Výuka probíhá od 12.9. do 12.12.2022

Další komentáře

Studijní materiály
Předmět je vyučován jednorázově.

Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 2021, podzim 2024.

Statistika zápisu (podzim 2022, nejnovější)
Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/predmet/cus/podzim2022/CORE019

CST:CORE019 Pokroky a výzvy v moderní biol - Informace o předmětu

CORE019 Pokroky a výzvy v moderní biologii

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