MTPL0222 Preventivní lékařství II

Lékařská fakulta
jaro 2016
Rozsah
total 4 hours. 2 kr. Ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
prof. MUDr. Bc. Zuzana Derflerová Brázdová, DrSc. (přednášející)
doc. MUDr. Jindřich Fiala, CSc. (přednášející)
prof. MUDr. Drahoslava Hrubá, CSc. (přednášející)
RNDr. Danuše Lefnerová, Ph.D. (přednášející)
doc. MUDr. Jan Šimůnek, CSc. (přednášející)
Zdeňka Jochová (pomocník)
Garance
prof. MUDr. Drahoslava Hrubá, CSc.
Ústav veřejného zdraví – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: MVDr. Halina Matějová
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Ústav veřejného zdraví – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Předpoklady
MTPL0121 Preventivní lékařství I
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
At the end of course student will be able to explain the relationship between human and environment and occupational conditions, characterized by physical, chemical, biological and psychosocial factors and their interactions. Student will able to explain the role of adaptation and its active support for the positive development and promotion of both individual and public health;
Student will be able to identify the basic mechanisms of action of the main factors from environmental and occulational surrounding and their influences on human health: noise, radiation, microclimate, light, biological rythmicity. Student will be able to make deduction about possibilities for preventive provisions in the fields of clean and safe air, water, waste destruction, occupational and home environment. Student will be able to undderstand and explain the different types of prevention, their tasks and aims and methods of realization.
Osnova
  • MAN AND ENVIRONMENT: physical, biological, chemical and social factors in macro - and microenvironment. Their interactions. Way of adaptation and compensation keeping the homeostasis. Terms "health" and "disease", their determinants. Primary and secundary prevention, their role in the public health.
  • NOISE: sources, effects (specific on hearing, non-specific, as a stress factor). Creation of the hygienic safe limits. Control. LIGHT and ILLUMINATION: the physiology of sight, optimal working conditions. The role of colours.
  • RADIATION: the different types and their sources; the health consequences of the exposure; basic prevention.
  • MICROCLIMATE: as a complex of both external and internal conditions. The ways of thermoregulation. Workplaces with extrame thermal conditions - long-term and short-term load. Principles of the drinking scheme.
  • BIOLOGIC RHYTHM: circadian and other rhythms. Shift work as a risk for health. Active and passive rest. The hygiene of sleeping.
  • AIR AND HEALTH: The most common contaminants of the outdoor air. Smog. The health consequences of the exposure.
  • HOUSING AND HEALTH: The most common contaminants of indoor air, the health cosequences of the exposure. Ventilation: types and sense.
  • WATER AND HEALTH: The hygienic limits (chemical, microbiological) for drinking water (with specific characteristics for bottle-fed babies). Trace elements in the water. Diseases caused by contaminated water. The principles for hygienic safety of water sources.
  • WASTE AND HEALTH: the sources of biological, chemical and ionizing waste products, the principles for the safe destruction.
  • CHEMICALS IN ENVIRONMENT: man-made and natural chemicals and their impact on human health
  • WORK AND HEALTH: risk work places, risk and health proffesionals.
  • SMOKING AND HEALTH: epidemiology, prevention, treatment of dependence.
Literatura
  • Bencko V: Hygiene & Epidemiology - Selected Chapters. Karolinum, 2007, 270s, ISBN: 9788024607931
  • Lener J et al: Medical hygiene. Prague - Czech Republic: Vydavatesltví Karolinum; 1997. pp 1-128.
  • Farmer R, Lawrenson R, Miller D: Epidemiology and public health medicine. 5th edition. Oxford - U.K.: Blackwell Publishing; 2004. pp 51-89.
  • Wallace/Maxcy-Rosenau-Last: Public health & preventive medicine. 15th edition. Edited by Robert B Wallace. United States: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2008.
  • Varkey P: Mayo clinic preventive medicine and public health board review. Edited by Prathibha Varkey. New York - United States: Mayo Clinic Scientific Press - Oxford University Press; 2010. pp 33-58.
  • Jekel J, Katz D, Elmore J, Wild DMG: Epidemiology, biostatistics and preventive medicine. 3rd edition. United States: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.
  • Bonita R, Beaglehole R, Kjellström: Basic epidemiology. 2nd edition. Geneva - Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006. pp 1-69, 83-114, 133-183.
Výukové metody
Seminars, self-study
Metody hodnocení
Written exam - essay on selected topic
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
Question – topics to the exam of the Preventive Medicine (I, II) – Study of Optometry in English Prevention (types, goals, methods), Preventable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases Preventable risk factors for cancer Nutrition and health, nutrition and risk of non-infectious diseases Dietary guidelines Acute and chronic toxicity, late effects. What are the differences? What harmful substances are formed during processing food at high temperatures? How can we reduce their amount? What are the risk and consequences arising from the overusing of the pesticides? Maillard reaction: What is it? What are its positive and negative consequences? Noise and health. Vibration and health. Thermal load. Exposure and risks by Ioninizing radiation in population. Exposure and risks by non-ionizing radiation in population. The chain of infections (epidemic process) The causative agents of infections Ways of transmission of infection Imunization Interruption of transmission route of infection
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Studijní materiály
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích jaro 2017.