aFAZL1_15 Basics of Chemical Drugs

Farmaceutická fakulta
jaro 2026

Předmět se v období jaro 2026 nevypisuje.

Rozsah
2/1/0. 28p+14s. Ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
prof. RNDr. Jozef Csöllei, CSc. (přednášející)
Mgr. Petr Mokrý, Ph.D. (přednášející)
Mgr. Petr Mokrý, Ph.D. (cvičící)
Garance
Mgr. Petr Mokrý, Ph.D.
Ústav chemických léčiv – Ústavy – Farmaceutická fakulta
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
The course Basics of chemical drugs will enable students to combine their knowledge of Organic chemistry with the basic principles of Medicinal chemistry. The aim is to provide students with general knowledge about the chemical structure of drugs and the effect of structural modifications on the biological effect.
The lectures focus on nomenclature principles of synthetic drugs, structural factors influencing the biological activity of drugs and modification of their structure using the principles of isomerism, homology and analogy. The separate part is represented by the lectures about selected active fragments and heterocyclic structures occurring in several pharmacological groups.
The seminar part offers the overview of synthetic reactions leading to the formation of selected compounds, used as drugs or as their intermediates.
Výstupy z učení
After completing the course, a student will be able to:
- describe the basic principles of drug structure modification;
- predict how changes in physicochemical properties, spatial arrangement or other structural factors will affect drug activity;
- describe basic methods of biologically active substances preparation ;
- design partial synthetic steps for the preparation of simple organic compounds.
Osnova
  • Lectures:
  • 1. Definition and characterization of the subject, nomenclature of organic compounds, nomenclature principles of chemical drugs.
  • 2. Structural factors influencing the biological activity of drugs – hydrocarbon component and nitrogen-containing functional groups.
  • 3. Structural factors influencing the biological activity of drugs – oxygen-containing functional groups and organic sulfur compounds.
  • 4. Structural modifications of drugs – alkyl and alkylene homology.
  • 5. Structural modifications of drugs – analogy – hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, alkyl and radical analogy.
  • 6. Structural modifications of drugs – analogy – isostery, analogy of functional groups, cyclic and ring analogy, models and doubling of molecules.
  • 7. Structural modifications of drugs – chain isomerism, positional and geometric isomers.
  • 8. Structural modifications of drugs – stereoisomerism, optical isomers.
  • 9. Structural modifications of drugs – temporary changes in the drug properties.
  • 10. Phenylalkylamine structure in several pharmacological groups.
  • 11. Aromatic-aliphatic structural fragment in several pharmacological groups.
  • 12. Derivatives of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, beta-lactams and polycyclic aromatic compounds as the drug structure basis.
  • 13. Five- and six-membered heterocycles with one or more heteroatoms as the drug structure basis.
  • Seminars:
  • 1.-2. Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions - Friedel-Crafts reactions, alkylation of active hydrogen compounds, Gattermann reaction, Grignard reaction, Wurtz-Fittig reaction, halogenalkylation (chloromethylation), Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. Synthesis: adrenaline, chlorprothixene, barbital, thiopental, fenipentol, fluconazole, amphetamine, mesalazine
  • 3. Carbon-hydrogen bond forming reactions - reduction of multiple bonds carbon-carbon, dehalogenation, dehydroxylation, deamination, decarboxylation, desulfonylation. Synthesis: terazosin, adiphenine, valproic acid, propofol
  • 4. Carbon-halogen bond forming reactions - substitution reactions (halogenation of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic compounds, substitution of halogen and hydroxy derivatives), addition reaction of carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Synthesis: chloroxine, diphenhydramine, cinchocaine, atropine
  • 5. Carbon-oxygen bond forming reactions - preparation of alcohols, phenols, ethers, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, esters and lactones. Synthesis: gentisic acid, bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, metoprolol, isoflurane, isoniazid, diclofenac, warfarin
  • 6. Carbon-nitrogen bond forming reactions - preparation of amines, nitro and azo compounds, amides, lactams and hydrazides. Synthesis: trimecaine, chlorambucil, metoprolol, benzocaine, paracetamol, piracetam, isoniazid
Literatura
    doporučená literatura
  • VOGEL, Pierre a Kendall N. HOUK. Organic chemistry : theory, reactivity and mechanisms in modern synthesis. Edited by Robert H. Grubbs. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2019, xxx, 1352. ISBN 9783527345328. info
  • The practice of medicinal chemistry. Edited by Camille Georges Wermuth - David Aldous - Pierre Raboisson - Didier Rog. Fourth edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015, 1 online. ISBN 9780124172135. URL info
  • Wilson and Gisvold's textbook of organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Edited by John Marlowe Beale - John H. Block. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, x, 1010. ISBN 9780781779296. info
Výukové metody
lectures – explanation
seminars – explanation and practice (examples solving)
Metody hodnocení
- 100% attendance at seminars required
- seminar test with a minimum success rate of 60%
- written exam
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
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