F7050 Quantum electronics - lasers and masers

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2026
Extent and Intensity
4/2/0. 5 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
In-person direct teaching
Teacher(s)
prof. Mgr. Petr Vašina, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. Mgr. Petr Vašina, Ph.D.
Department of Plasma Physics and Technology – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: prof. Mgr. Petr Vašina, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Plasma Physics and Technology – Physics Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
(F2070 Electricity and magnetism && F4100 Introduction to Microphysics) || (F2050 Electricity and magnetism && F4050 Introduction to Microphysics)
Atomic, nuclear and particle physics. Quantum mechanics. Theory of elmg. field.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Abstract
Lecture enclosed the history and development of quantum electronics and optics. Introduction to radiospectroscopy. Spectrum of atomic hydrogen. Rabi method of magnetic moment measurements.Atoms with equivalent electrons.Theoretical fundamentals and first successfull experimental results are presented. The function of nearly all practically used lasers and masers are thorougly described. The principles of NMR medical diagostic is explained in the last lectures. Hierarchy of atomic and molecular terms. Dipole iradiation. Transition probabilities. Back-Goudsmit effect and fine structure of spectral lines. Form faktor and width of spectral lines. Quantum system as an amplifier of stimulated emission of radiation. Threshold conditions for population inversion. Quantum gain and quality of optical resonator. Einstein kinetic equation. Saturation of absoption and amplification.Three level and four level quantum systems. Lasers on solid states. Optical resonators and irradiation systems. Ruby and neodymum laser. Gaseous lasers. Laser He-Ne, argon and CO2. Dye and chemical lasers. Impulse lasers. Lasers on free electrons. Generation of giant pulses. Mode locking. Semiconductor lasers. Lasers in science and technology. Pseudovibronic spectrum of NH3 and maser on NH3. Electron and nuclear spin resonance. NMR tomography. Masers on paramagnetic materials. Fundamental non-linear effects in quantum electronics. Generation of second and third harmonics. Prametric generation of light. Multiphoton absorption.
Learning outcomes
After completing the course, the student will be able to:
-describe spectral lines using spectral terms, use selection rules for atoms with more electrons, describe basic shapes of spectral lines
-describe the basic physical principles of light amplification or attenuation when passing through a laser system;
-describe the differences, advantages and disadvantages of a two-, three- and four-level laser system;
-describe currently used lasers and masers;
Key topics
Radiospectroscopic methods. Quantun teory of radiation. Transition probabilities. Quantum ansamble as amplifier of stimulated emission. Profile of spectral lines. Optical resonators. Saturation of amplification. Gas lasers. Lasers on solidstate materials. Lasers with modulated quality (giant pulses). Semiconductor lasers. Electron spin and nuclear paramagnetic resonance. Masers.
Study resources and literature
    recommended literature
  • YARIV, Amnon. Quantum electronics. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989, xx, 676. ISBN 0471609978. info
  • Advances in quantum electronics. Edited by D. W. Goodwin. London: Academic Press, 1970, xii, 274. info
Approaches, practices, and methods used in teaching
Oral lecture and theoretical exercise.
Method of verifying learning outcomes and course completion requirements
Lectures and exercites. Written and oral examination.
Language of instruction
Czech
Teacher's information
Studenti kombinovaného studia si na začátku semestru domluví s přednášejícím způsob samostatného studia. Přednášející po dohodě se studentem vybere nejvhodnější literaturu (s ohledem na znalost cizích jazyků studenta), která bude sloužit jako základní učební text. V nutném případě lze pořídit kopie přednášeného učiva z textů připravených učitelem. Budou zadány příklady ke cvičení, které musí vyřešené student předložit v písemné podobě před připuštěním ke zkoušce.
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught once in two years.
The course is taught every week.
General note: S.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 1999, Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2000, Autumn 2001, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2016, Autumn 2018.
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