aZLFA0722c Farmakologie II - cvičení

Lékařská fakulta
podzim 2024
Rozsah
0/2/0. 30. 1 kr. Ukončení: z.
Vyučováno kontaktně
Vyučující
doc. MUDr. Regina Demlová, Ph.D. (přednášející)
doc. PharmDr. Jan Juřica, Ph.D. (cvičící)
doc. Mgr. MVDr. Leoš Landa, Ph.D. (přednášející)
MUDr. Alena Máchalová, Ph.D. (cvičící)
Carlos Daniel Ferreira Fonseca, MSc. (cvičící)
Garance
doc. MUDr. Regina Demlová, Ph.D.
Farmakologický ústav – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: doc. Mgr. MVDr. Leoš Landa, Ph.D.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Farmakologický ústav – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta
Rozvrh
Po 25. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Út 26. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, St 27. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Čt 28. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Pá 29. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Po 9. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Út 10. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, St 11. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Čt 12. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/326, Pá 13. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/326
Předpoklady
aZLFA0621c Farmakologie I - cvičení && aZLPA0622c Patologie II - cvičení && aZLPF0622c Patol. fyziologie II -cvičení && aZLOR0641c Ortodoncie I - cvičení && aZLPD0631c Parodontologie I - cvičení
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
At the end of the course students will know pharmacological characteristics of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer drugs, local and general anesthetics, psychotropics and antihypertensive agents, anticoagulants and thrombolytics, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agents. Students will be able to prescribe ready made preparations.
Výstupy z učení
Students will know the principles of drug prescription. They will be familiar with pharmacological profiles of therapeutic and adverse effects of particular drugs with an attention paid to drugs used in dentistry.
Osnova
  • 1/ OPIOID ANALGESICS
  • Analgesics of morphine type. Pharmacotherapy of pain.
  • Prescription of narcotic and psychotropic agents - revision. Special prescription and practical use of analgesic preparations.
  • 2/ NON-OPIOID ANALGESICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS, TREATMENT OF GOUT
  • Classification, targets of effects, mechanisms of action, topically applied antiinflammatory drugs. Special prescription of antiinflammatory drugs and antipyretics.
  • 3/ LOCAL + GENERAL ANAESTHETICS
  • Overview, classification and mechanisms of action, side effects. Special prescription of local anaesthetics.
  • 4/ ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS, ANTIMYCOTICS
  • Basic classification, mechanisms of action.
  • 5/ ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
  • Overview, classification and mechanisms of action of antiviral drugs.
  • 6/ ANTICANCER DRUGS
  • Overview, classification and mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs.
  • 7/ SPASMOLYTIC DRUGS, ANTIEPILEPTIC (ANTICONVULSANT) DRUGS, USE OF MEDICAL HEMP
  • 8/ DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF BLOOD CLOTTING – ANTICOAGULANTS AND THROMBOLYTICS
  • Classification of drugs affecting haemostasis, mechanisms of action, side effects, overview of drugs. Prescription of ready-made preparations - practice.
  • 9/ FINAL PRESCRIPTION TEST, SELECTED CASE REPORTS ON DRUGS FROM PREVIOUS LESSONS
  • Working on PC: Solving case reports.
  • 10/ FINAL (CREDIT) TEST OF SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY (groups of drugs from lessons 1 – 8) SELECTED CASE REPORTS ON DRUGS FROM PREVIOUS LESSONS, CREDITS
  • Working on PC: Solving case reports.
Literatura
    povinná literatura
  • RITTER, James, R. J. FLOWER, Graeme HENDERSON, Yoon Kong LOKE, David J. MACEWAN, Emma S. J. ROBINSON a James FULLERTON. Rang & Dale's pharmacology / James M. Ritter, Rod Flower, Graeme Henderson, Yoon Kong Loke, David MacEvan, Emma Robinson, James Fullerton. Tenth edition. London: Elsevier, 2024, xvii, 850. ISBN 9780323873963. info
    doporučená literatura
  • Practicals in Pharmacology http://portal.med.muni.cz/discipline-13-pharmacology
  • WHALEN, Karen. Pharmacology. Edited by Richard Finkel - Thomas A. Panavelil. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, xi, 664. ISBN 9781451191776. info
    neurčeno
  • Pharmaceutical Practice. Winfield, A.J. & Richards, R.M.E., eds. Churchill Livingstone. , 3rd Ed. 2004. ISBN 0443 07206 X
  • Ritter, James M. - Lewis, Lionel D. - Mant, Timothy G.K. - Ferro, Albert. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 5th Ed., Hodder Arnold, 2008. 465 s. ISBN 978-0-340-90046-8
Záložky
https://is.muni.cz/ln/tag/LF:aZLFA0722c!
Výukové metody
Drug classes specifics from the Syllabus are read firstly by the teacher and presented in video-programmes if available followed by discussion and training of drug prescription with the use of drug compendia. Approaches to "pharmacotherapeutical decisions" are practiced using the special PC programmes. Reports of students on a specific pharmacological topic followed by discussion are also included.
Metody hodnocení
The participation in practicals is obligatory and registered. To get credits a student has to pass 2 written tests: a) test on special drug presription (assessed individually by the teacher), b) multiple-choice test on knowledge of topics taught, which usually consists of 15 questions. Each question offers one or more correct options. Criterion for successful passing the test is defined as more than half correctly answered questions.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
Information for students:


Within the final exam students are asked to answer three randomly chosen questions dealing with the topics listed in synopses: Pharmacology I Lectures, Pharmacology I Practicals, Pharmacology II Lectures, Pharmacology II Practicals.




QUESTIONS ON GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY:



Routes of administration - overview, characteristics


Basic pharmacokinetic parameters and processes (overview)


Drug absorption, "first pass" effect


Biovailability of drugs


Drug distribution, volume of distribution


Drug elimination


Drug biotransformation, phases of biotransformation


Effect of environment pH and pKa of drugs on the drug transfer across biological membranes


Enzyme inhibition and induction


Drug excretion


Pharmacokinetics of single, repeated and continous drug administration


Pharmacokinetics of drug oral and parenteral administration


Drug dosage forms - overview and influence on pharmacokinetics


Therapeutic drug monitoring


Dose and effect, types of doses


Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenetic polymorphism


Mechanisms of drug action - overview, non specific mechanisms of drug action


Specific mechanisms of drug action - the target structures, on which the drug act


Adverse drug reactions (types, categories)


Drug receptors theory - types of receptors


Tolerance, tachyphylaxis


Drug addiction


Therapeutic index, therapeutic range


Influence of concomitant diseases on drug effect, polypragmasia


Drug allergy (hypersensitivity), idiosyncrasy


Drug interactions- overview, pharmacokinetic interactions


Drug interactions- overview, pharmacodynamic interactions


Factors influencing the drug effect (related to drug, related to organism)


Pharmacoterapy in pregnancy, drug teratogenicity


Pharmacotherapy in breastfeeding women, in pediatric population


Pharmacoterapy in elderly


Pharmacology, sub-branches, origin of drugs, drug names


Pharmacopoeia


Rational pharmacotherapy, drug anamnesis, compliance


Development of a new drug (Drug life cycle)


Preclinical and clinical evaluation of drugs


Pharmacovigilance


General principles of drug poisoning therapy, specific antidotes and their mechanisms of action


Principles of biological therapy - technology, requirements on the quality, registration, biosimilars





QUESTIONS ON SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY:



Antimycotics


Antivirotics


Drugs with the topic action used in stomatology - overview


Antiinfective drugs used in stomatology


Disinfectants and antiseptics


Drugs with the topic action - dermatologics, drugs used in ORL


Principles of antibiotic therapy - overview, mechanisms of action, resistance


Antibiotics for topic use


Penicillines


Cephalosporins and other beta-lactams


Aminoglycosides


Macrolides


Sulphonamides


Tetracyclines


Quinolones and nitroimidazoles


Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs + Analgesics - antipyretics


Drugs used in gout


General anaesthetics


Premedications and supplement general anaesthesia, analgosedation, neuroleptanalgesia


Central and peripheral myorelaxants


Ester-type local anaesthetics


Amide-type local anaesthetics


Types and techniques of local anaesthesia


Pharmacoterapy of anaphylactic shock


Antitussives, expectorants


Hypolipidemics, lipid-lowering drugs


Drugs used in heart failure


Histamine H1-blockers


Antiasthmatics


Antihypertensives - overview + ACE inhibitors, sartans, renine antagonists


Antihypertensives - overview + diuretics, alpha1-lytics


Antihypertensives - overview + beta-blockers, central antihypertensives


Antiulcer drugs


Laxatives, antidiarrhoics


Antiemetics, prokinetics


Spasmolytics, digestives


Vitamins AEDK


Hydrophilic vitamins


Psychopharmacs - overview, classification


Hypnosedatives


Antiepileptic drugs


Antipsychotics


Anxiolytics


Antidepressants


Nootropics, drugs affecting cognitive functions


Psychostimulants, hallucinogenic and delirogenic drugs


Antidysrhytmics


Cardiotonics, inotropic drugs


Alkylating cytostatics and other impacts of DNA


Antimetabolites + hormonal therapy in oncology


Glucocorticoids


Thyroid + anti-thyroid drugs


Drugs used in osteoporosis


Sex hormones - HRT, contraceptives


Uterotonics, tocolytics


Insulins


Antidiabetics for the treatment of type 2 DM


Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs


Antithrombotics, trombolytics


Opioid analgesics


Drugs causing addiction and pharmacological possibilities of addiction treatment


Drugs affecting ANS - neurotransmission, receptors of ANS, basic overview


Sympathomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - direct sympathomimetics


Sympathomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - indirect sympathomimetics


Sympatholytic agents - basic effects and classification - direct sympatholytics


Sympatholytic agents - basic effects and classification - indirect sympatholytics


Cholinomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - direct cholinomimetics


Cholinomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - indirect cholinomimetics


Cholinolytic agents - basic effects and classification - direct cholinolytics (parasympatholytics, ganglioplegics)




LIST OF GENERIC NAMES –„ESSENTIAL DRUGS“:


pantoprazole


famotidine


atropine


butylscopolamine


fenpiverine, pitofenone


metoclopramide


ondansetron


lactulose


insulin lispro


metformin


glibenclamide


warfarin


enoxaparin


acetylsalicylic acid


digoxin


propafenone


amiodarone


epinephrine


norepinephrine


dopamine


ephedrine, pseudoephedrine


nitroglycerin


methyldopa


clonidine


urapidil


hydrochlorothiazide


furosemide


metoprolol


labetalol


nifedipine


verapamil


enalapril


losartan


atorvastatin


ezetimibe


nystatin


ketoconazole


methylergometrine


hexoprenaline


alfuzosin


oxytocin


dexamethasone


prednisone


doxycycline, chloramphenicol


amoxicillin


phenoxymethylpenicillin


oxacillin


piperacillin, co-piperacillin


cefuroxime


cotrimoxazole


clarithromycin


gentamicin


ciprofloxacin


fluconazole


aciclovir


zidovudine


cyclophosphamide


methotrexate


6-mercaptopurine


5-fluorouracil


paclitaxel


doxorubicin


cisplatin


trastuzumab


tamoxifen


interferon alpha


ibuprofen


diclofenac


indomethacin


nimesulide


suxamethonium


allopurinol


alendronic acid


lidocaine


procaine


trimecaine


articaine


sevoflurane


thiopental


propofol


dihydrocodeine


sufentanil


piritramide


tramadol


paracetamol (acetaminophen)


metamizole


sumatriptan


valproic acid


gabapentin


haloperidol


risperidone


olanzapine


lithium


diazepam


alprazolam


zolpidem


midazolam


escitalopram


amitriptyline


bupropion


methylphenidate


donepezil


physostigmine


methadone


buprenorphine


betahistine


oxymetazoline, xylometazoline


phenylephrine


salbutamol


fenoterol


ipratropium bromide


nedocromil


acetylcysteine


bromhexine


codeine


butamirate


bisulepine


cetirizine


desloratadine


pilocarpine


timolol


tropicamide

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