Histology and Embryology I

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Histologie a embryologie I - cvičení

Course objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Describe tissue processing for light and electron microscopy.
2. Understand and explain the structure of a cell, basic structural principles and function of connective tissues, features of epithelial tissue, the structure of different types of muscle tissue, structure and function of nervous tissue.
3. Identify tissue types in histologic slides.
4. Characterize the microscopic structure of some organs of the human body and explain correlations of tissues within organs.
5. Describe gamete development, explain the principle of meiosis and regulation of gametogenesis.
6. Define the early embryonic development as well as the development of fetal membranes, placenta and umbilical cord.
7. Characterize stages of embryonic development.

Rozvrh seminárních/paralelních skupin:
aVLHE0221c/30 Po 16. 2. až Út 12. 5. Út 10:30–13:00 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/31 Po 16. 2. až Út 12. 5. Út 10:30–13:00 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/32 Po 16. 2. až Út 12. 5. Út 10:30–13:00 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/33 Po 16. 2. až Út 12. 5. Út 7:30–10:00 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/34 Po 16. 2. až Út 12. 5. Út 7:30–10:00 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/35 Po 16. 2. až Út 12. 5. Út 7:30–10:00 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/36 Po 16. 2. až St 13. 5. St 7:30–10:00 F01B1/122, kromě St 13. 5.
aVLHE0221c/37 Po 16. 2. až St 13. 5. St 7:30–10:00 F01B1/122, kromě St 13. 5.
aVLHE0221c/38 Po 16. 2. až Pá 15. 5. Pá 10:00–12:30 F01B1/122
aVLHE0221c/39 Po 16. 2. až Pá 15. 5. Pá 10:00–12:30 F01B1/122
Ústav histologie a embryologie – Teoretická pracoviště – Lékařská fakulta

Vyučující

doc. MVDr. Martin Anger, CSc.
(cvičící)

MUDr. Ivana Baltasová
(cvičící)

prof. MUDr. RNDr. Svatopluk Čech, DrSc.
(cvičící)

prof. MVDr. Aleš Hampl, CSc.
(cvičící)
• profesní životopis

Mgr. Hana Kotasová, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

doc. RNDr. Irena Koutná, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

MVDr. Lenka Lišková
(cvičící)

MVDr. Anna Mac Gillavry Danylevska, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

MUDr. Eva Mecová
(cvičící)

doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc.
(cvičící)

MUDr. Veronika Sedláková, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

Mgr. Eva Švandová, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

doc. RNDr. Petr Vaňhara, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

Osnova

1. Introduction, organization of practicals, teaching aids. Overview of histological methods. Tissue processing for light and electron microscopy - explanation and film. Basic histochemistry and immunocytochemistry.
2. Cytology: Ultrastructure of the cell nucleus during interphase. Ultrastructure of cell organelles I (mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes).
3. Ultrastructure of cell organelles II (peroxisomes, and the centriol). Cell inclusions. The arrangement of cell surfaces: apical, lateral, and basal ones. Intercellular junctions: adhering, occluding, and communicating ones.
4. General embryology I. Aids: Set of embryological schemes and pictures (I).
5. General embryology II. Aids: Set of embryological schemes and pictures (II).
6. General histology: Use of the light microscope, common faults in microscopy. Results of basic staining methods in histology: Hematoxylin-eosine /HE/ (hepar), hematoxylin–eosine-saffron /HES/ (esophagus), AZAN (prostate), impregnation (cerebellum). Connective tissue proper - classification and examples. Slides: Funiculus umbilicalis, Esophagus, Posterior segment of the eye, Lien, Aorta.
7. Supporting tissues: cartilage and bone. Histogenesis of the bone tissue (ossification). Slides: Trachea, Auricula, Elastic cartilage, Lamellar bone, Chondrogenic ossification.
8. Epithelial tissue: epithelial membranes (covering epithelia) and glandular epithelium. Slides: Ren, Vesica fellea, Trachea, Esophagus, Ureter, Palpebra, Skin from the finger tip.
9. Glandular epithelium. Skides: Intestinum tenue, Glandula parotis, Glandula submandibularis.
10. Nerve tissue. Slides: Cortex cerebri, Cerebellum, Medulla spinalis, Ganglion spinale, Peripheral nerve, Motor end plate.
11. Muscle tissue. Slides: Apex linguae, Cardiac muscle tissue Intestinum tenue.
12. Blood cells: Preparation of blood smears and their staining. Cytology of formed elements of blood. Differential white cell count (dWCC) - average values, abnormities and terminology of dWCC. Slide: A smear of peripheral blood stained by Pappenheim's method. Credits

Informace učitele

Information about HE teaching is available on the Department poster in front of the Microscopic Hall and on the web site http://www.med.muni.cz/histology/education.

Histologie a embryologie I - přednáška

Course objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Understand and explain the structure of a cell, basic structural principles and function of connective tissues, features of epithelial tissue, structure of different types of muscle tissue, structure and function of nervous tissue.
2. Identify tissue types in histologic slides.
3. Characterize microscopic structure of individual organs of human body and explain correlations of tissues within organs.
4. Describe gamete development, explain principle of meiosis and regulation of gametogenesis.
5. Define the early embryonic development as well as development of fetal membranes, placenta and umbilical cord.
6. Characterize stages of embryonic development, describe the development of individual organ systems of human body.
7. Explain the mechanism of the origin of some developmental anomalies.

Rozvrh: jaro 2026
Po 16. 2. až Čt 14. 5. Čt 14:00–15:40 B11/334
Lékařská fakulta

Vyučující

doc. MVDr. Martin Anger, CSc.
(přednášející)

prof. MVDr. Aleš Hampl, CSc.
(přednášející)
• profesní životopis

Mgr. Hana Kotasová, Ph.D.
(přednášející)

MVDr. Anna Mac Gillavry Danylevska, Ph.D.
(přednášející)

doc. MUDr. Miroslava Sedláčková, CSc.
(přednášející)

MUDr. Veronika Sedláková, Ph.D.
(přednášející)

doc. RNDr. Petr Vaňhara, Ph.D.
(přednášející)

MUDr. Ivana Baltasová
(cvičící)

MVDr. Lenka Lišková
(cvičící)

MUDr. Eva Mecová
(cvičící)

MUDr. Volodymyr Porokh, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

Mgr. Eva Švandová, Ph.D.
(cvičící)

Osnova

1. Introduction. The object and significance of histology. Relevance of histology to other biomedical disciplines. History, current state, and future of histology. Methodologies to study a structure of cells and tissues. Cytology: The cell - definition, characteristics, compartmentalization. Cell nucleus - ultrastructure and function, chromosomes, nucleolus.Introduction
2. Organelles - structure, localization, and function. Cell inclusions and pigments. Cytoskeleton - microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. Cell surface structures and intercellular bonds. Cell division cycle. Cell differentiation, cell migration, organization of cells into tissues and organs - general aspects.
3. General embryology. Definition. The object and significance of embryology. Overview of the early human development: The phases of the human ontogeny. Human gametes - their structure, physiology and origin (gametogenesis). Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Transport of gametes. Sperm capacitation. Fertilization and cleavage. Activation of the embryonal genome. Nuclear transfer. Morula and blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells. Outline of the implantation. Abnormal sites of implantation (extrauterine pregnancies).
4. The development of the germ disc: origin of the intraembryonic mesoderm and notogenesis (development of the chorda dorsalis). Somites and their derivatives. Outline of the development of fetal membranes: amniotic sac, chorion, and placenta. Function of the placenta. The umbilical cord. Anomalies of the placenta and umbilical cord. Development of external shape of the embryo and fetus. The rule of Hasse. Uterine growth during pregnancy. Parturition. Marks of the mature and full-term fetus. Position, posture and presentation of the fetus. Multiple pregnancy: mono- and dizygotic twins; arrangement of fetal membranes in twins.
5. General histology. Tissues - definition, their origin, and classification. Connective and supporting tissue - general characteristics, their components and classification. The connective tissue proper - types, main distribution, and function.
6. Supporting tissues - cartilage and bone - types, main distribution, and function. Histogenesis and regeneration of connective tissues.
7. Epithelial tissue - definition, classification, and histogenesis. Epithelial membranes and glandular epithelium - an overview. Characteristics of glandular cells. Absorptive, respiratory, and sensory epithelia.
8. Neural tissue - general characteristics and classification. Neurons – structure and function. Synapse. Neuroglial cells - types and function. Sheaths of nerve fibres. Conduction of nerve impulses. Histogenesis and regeneration of the neural tissue.
9. Muscle tissue - general characteristics and classification. Smooth muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue. Ultrastructure of the myofibrils. Mechanism of the muscle contraction. Cardiac muscle tissue. Inervation and vascularization of the muscle. Muscle histogenesis and regeneration.
10. Blood cell morphology: Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. Differential white cell count. Prenatal and postnatal hematopoiesis. Erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, thrombopoiesis.
11. Microscopic anatomy and special embryology. Cardiovascular system. Microscopic structure of the heart, excitomotoric system - its structural peculiarities. Blood vessels - arteries and veins - structural differences. Capillary bed. Lymph vessels and capillaries.
12. Development of the heart. Primitive blood circulation in the embryo. Fetal blood circulation.

Omezení zápisu do předmětu

Jiné omezení: Mimo studenty LF jen se souhlasem garanta oboru.

Informace učitele

Information about HE teaching is available on the Department board in front of the Microscopic Hall, in the IS MUNI and on the web site http://www.histology.med.muni.cz

Celková cena: 30 000 Kč vč. DPH

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